Transcription And Translation Flashcards
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
Translation
What name is given to the process in which one strand of DNA is used as a template to manufacture a strand of pre-mRNA
Transcription
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mature mRNA
RNA processing
Polypeptide polymers are assembled from which set of monomers?
Amino acids
The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is
5’ to 3’
During mRNA processing a ________ is added to the 5’ end of the mRNA
Modified guanine nucleotide (cap)
During mRNA processing a_______ is added to the 3’ end of mRNA
Long string of adenine nucleotides (poly a tail)
Spliceosomes are composed of
SnRNPs and snRNA
mRNA coding segments that are joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____
Exons
Translation occurs in the _____
Cytoplasm
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA ?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
The first amino acid of a polypeptide chain is always…?
Methionine
The flow of information in a cell goes from….?
From DNA to RNA to protein
The information carried by a DNA molecule is in…?
Order of the nucleotides in the molecule
Which enzyme catalyzes transcription
RNA polymerase
How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
It starts at a certain DNA nucleotide sequence promoter
Transcription occurs in the _____
Nucleus
The non-coding regions of mRNA that are removed during mRNA processing are called?
Introns
What molecule links an organisms genotype to its phenotype?
Proteins
RNA differs from DNA because? (Examples)
It contains ribose sugar, uses base uracil, single stranded, multiple types with diverse functions
mRNA processing acts to…? Examples
Prevent degradation of mRNA, single ribosome bonding to initiate translation, enable one gene to encode for multiple polypeptide products
Ribosomal subunits are synthesized in the ______?
Nucleolus
Only one DNA strand is transcribed to mRNA using RNA polymerase during?
Transcription
