Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Building blocks of matter?

Answer 0

Atoms

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Sub-atomic particles

Answer 2

​- Sub-atomic particles build atoms; protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

Stands for the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

Just the mass of an atom measured in amu (atomic mass units)

Question 5

Isotopes? How are they useful?

Answer 5

One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. They are variants of an element with slightly different properties. They can help with archeology and anthropology for carbon dating…

Question 6

What part of the atom determines it’s behavior?

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

Electron orbitals?

Answer 7

“Shells” principles of the octet rule, electro negativity.

Question 8

Two types of chemical bonding

Answer 8

Ionic (taking) and covalent (sharing)

Question 9

Redox reactions?

Answer 9

The basis for energy yielding cellular reactions

Question 10

Water is life…

Answer 10

75% of earth, 2/3 of living organisms

Question 11

Chemistry of water is important because…?

Answer 11

Polarity, hydrogen bonding..

Question 12

Water surface tension?

Answer 12

Cause by hydrogen bonding, also known as cohesion

Question 13

Waters specific heat?

Answer 13

Waters high specific heat enables it to regulate the temperatures of organisms and earth

Question 14

Water expanding?

Answer 14

Water expanding as it cools keeps majority of water on earth in liquid form.

Question 15

Water’s polarity?

Answer 15

Makes it into an extremely important solvent

-water organizes non polar molecules (hydrophobic exclusion)

Question 16

Dissociation of water?

Answer 16

Produces hydrogen ions (H+ protons) and hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 17

pH determines?

Answer 17

Can be used to determine the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 18

pH7?

Answer 18

Neutral solution (equal H+ and OH-) most cells require pH7

Question 19

Buffers?

Answer 19

Buffers can regulate pH

Question 20

Organic

Answer 20

All know life on earth is carbon based

Question 21

4 carbon based macromolecules that build life

Answer 21

Proteins, nuclei acids, lipids, and carbohydrates

Question 22

Majority of living things are composed of…

Answer 22

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 23

Carbon chemistry

Answer 23

Illustrates why carbon is ideal to build macromolecules (tetra valence electrons)

Question 24

6 classes of functional groups

Answer 24

``` Amino groups Carbonyl groups Carboxyl groups Hydroxyl groups Phosphate groups Sulfohydryl groups ```

Question 25

Amino group

Answer 25

NH2- component of amino acids, acts as a base.

Question 26

Carbonyl group

Answer 26

C=O (double bonded oxygen) can be keystones or aldehydes

Question 27

Carboxyl groups

Answer 27

COOH-component of amino acids, acts as an acid

Question 28

Hydroxyl group

Answer 28

OH alcohols, increase solubility of molecules

Question 29

Sulfhydryl groups

Answer 29

SH the thiols, stabilize molecules (ex. Disulfide bridges between cysteine amino acid and stabilize proteins.