Transcription

Question 1

symbols used to transcribe

Answer 1

IPA

International Phonetic Alphabet

Question 2

source of error when transcribing?

Answer 2

• bias of transcriber
• coarticulation
• noise in recording
• L1 influence

Question 3

narrow transcription

Answer 3

includes details in the form of diacritics

Question 4

broad transcription

Answer 4

transcribe essential sounds without specific details

Question 5

phonemic representation

Answer 5

mental representations
phonology
represented by slashes

Question 6

dark l

Answer 6

• as in “ball”
• secondary constriction at the velum
• [ɫ]
• before a consonant
• at the end of a word

Question 7

light l

Answer 7

• as in “like”
• only primary constriction at alveolar ridge
• [l]
• before a vowel
• beginning of words

Question 8

[r]

Answer 8

a trill sound

Question 9

is transcription more variable for consonants or vowels?

Answer 9

vowels

Question 10

lax vowels often ________

Answer 10

undershoot

Question 11

undershoot

Answer 11

not fully reaching a peripheral vowel because of the lack of time to get the articulators there

Question 12

how many rounded vowels in English

Answer 12

5

Question 13

diphthongs created by

Answer 13

vowel pairs

Question 14

can you change a short vowel into a long vowel simply by lengthening it

Answer 14

No

Question 15

t̺

Answer 15

to indicate apical as articulator (tip of the tongue)

Question 16

I᷅

Answer 16

to indicate a shortened phoneme

Question 17

t̻

Answer 17

to indicate laminal as articulator (tongue blade)

Question 18

t̪

Answer 18

to indicate dental as the place of articulation

Question 19

iː

Answer 19

length sign long

Question 20

s’

Answer 20

primary stress

Question 21

s,

Answer 21

secondary stress

Question 22

English speakers produce phonemes depending on (3)

Answer 22

• context
• stress
• phoneme location in the word

Question 23

pʰ tʰ kʰ

Answer 23

aspiration

the onset of work or stressed syllable

Question 24

l̥

Answer 24

devoicing of originally voiced phoneme

Question 25

t to a flap typically when

Answer 25

between two vowels (butter)

Question 26

what happens to shwa when followed by a word-final nasal or liquids

Answer 26

schwa deleted and consonant serves as a syllabic weight, marked by a small vertical line

Question 27

vowels are nasalized when …

Answer 27

they are followed by a nasal

Question 28

vowel following ɹ or ɾ

Answer 28

r coloring

vowel becomes rhoticized shown with a hook

Question 29

intrusion

Answer 29

insertion of extra phonemes

Question 30

what happens when a fricative follows a nasal

Answer 30

the tendency to add stop closure in between them

Question 31

which tend to be longer, tense or lax vowels

Answer 31

tense

Question 32

what happens if you have a voiced consonant following a vowel

Answer 32

vowel becomes longer

Question 33

2 words that sound the same

Answer 33

homophones