Transcription Flashcards
symbols used to transcribe
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet
source of error when transcribing?
- bias of transcriber
- coarticulation
- noise in recording
- L1 influence
narrow transcription
includes details in the form of diacritics
broad transcription
transcribe essential sounds without specific details
phonemic representation
mental representations
phonology
represented by slashes
dark l
- as in “ball”
- secondary constriction at the velum
- [ɫ]
- before a consonant
- at the end of a word
light l
- as in “like”
- only primary constriction at alveolar ridge
- [l]
- before a vowel
- beginning of words
[r]
a trill sound
is transcription more variable for consonants or vowels?
vowels
lax vowels often ________
undershoot
undershoot
not fully reaching a peripheral vowel because of the lack of time to get the articulators there
how many rounded vowels in English
5
diphthongs created by
vowel pairs
can you change a short vowel into a long vowel simply by lengthening it
No
t̺
to indicate apical as articulator (tip of the tongue)
I᷅
to indicate a shortened phoneme
t̻
to indicate laminal as articulator (tongue blade)
t̪
to indicate dental as the place of articulation
iː
length sign long
s’
primary stress
s,
secondary stress
English speakers produce phonemes depending on (3)
- context
- stress
- phoneme location in the word
pʰ tʰ kʰ
aspiration
the onset of work or stressed syllable
l̥
devoicing of originally voiced phoneme
t to a flap typically when
between two vowels (butter)
what happens to shwa when followed by a word-final nasal or liquids
schwa deleted and consonant serves as a syllabic weight, marked by a small vertical line
vowels are nasalized when …
they are followed by a nasal
vowel following ɹ or ɾ
r coloring
vowel becomes rhoticized shown with a hook
intrusion
insertion of extra phonemes
what happens when a fricative follows a nasal
the tendency to add stop closure in between them
which tend to be longer, tense or lax vowels
tense
what happens if you have a voiced consonant following a vowel
vowel becomes longer
2 words that sound the same
homophones
