Introduction Flashcards
what is phonetics
- study of spoken speech
communication chain simple
sender > transmission > reciever
speech production > acoustic transmission > speech perception
Communication chain detailed (7 steps)
thought > linguistic representation > vocal tract movement> acoustics > auditory perception > linguistic representation > meaning
aero tactic feedback
air signal created from a puff of air
articulatory phonetics
- speech production
- physiology of speech apparatus
acoustic phonetics
- acoustic characteristics of speech
- sound waves, frequency, duration, etc.
auditory phonetics
- speech perception
- auditory system
- memory, brain
- how speech is percieved
oscillogram
- a time signal
- x= time
- y=loudness
- how many syllables produced in a second
spectrogram
to see if you have a low or high-frequency sound/voice
how many countries speak English?
110
English has ______ learners
1, 500 million
most languages have ___ vowels, 3 most common are _______.
- 5
- [i] [a] [u]
is written representation suited for speech sounds? why or why not?
- no
- many words are spelled the same but pronounced so different
orthography
how we typically spell words
IPA is written based on ______.
speech sounds
phone
- produced words
- pronunciation of speech sounds
- differ speaker to speaker, from word to word
phoneme
- mental representations
- distinctive sound in a language
- tested with minimal pairs
allophone
- different forms of the same phoneme
- changes don’t make a minimal pair
- allophones of same phoneme
suprasegmental information
- syllabicness
- stress
- intonation (tone)
segment
- one acoustic structure that is perceived as one sound segment
intonation
used in some languages to signal phonemic differences
how can we categorize babies babbling?
- frequency produced
- patterns
- durations
- what articulators being used
what is the most common energy source in speech production?
lungs
