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LINGUIST 2L03 > Anatomy of Vocal Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of Vocal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

respiration from the

A

lungs

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2
Q

phonation from

A

larynx

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3
Q

manipulation from

A

vocal tract

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4
Q

lungs

A
  • 2 pulmones located in the thorax
  • made up of spongy elastic fiber without any muscles
  • 25% of elasticity from the tissue itself
  • 75% of elasticity form from water molecules around alveoli
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5
Q

trachea

A
  • lungs connect to trachea via bronchi

- windpipe

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6
Q

bronchi

A
  • split up inside the lungs into bronchia and then into alveoli
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7
Q

breathing in also called

A

inspiration, inhalation

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8
Q

what is the physical prerequisite for breathing in

A

the air pressure in the lungs has to be lower than the air pressure “outside” the body

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9
Q

thoracic breathing

A
  • the thoracic cavity can be made smaller or larger by means of the external intercostal muscles
  • contracting the external intercostal muscles results in outward turn of the ribs, this makes the thorax larger, therefore lowering the air pressure in lungs
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10
Q

abdominal breathing

A
  • the diaphragm is slightly domed upwards when at rest,
  • can be flattened when tensed, enlarging the lung cavity downwards
  • results in lower air pressure inside the lungs
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11
Q

breathing out

A
  • expiration, exhalation
  • no muscle activation needed to achieve the rest position
  • inspiration muscles are active during expiration only to control speed and intensity of exhalation
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12
Q

contraction beyond rest position

A

internal intercostal muscles are activated to pull ribs together

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13
Q

residual volume of lungs

A

1 L

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14
Q

max volume of lungs

A

~ 6L

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15
Q

at rest lung volume

A

~ 3L

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16
Q

quiet respiration

A

40% breathing in, 60% breathing out

0.5L is inhaled (tidal volume)

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17
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

6L during deep breath in

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18
Q

vital capacity

A

difference between at max inspiration and max expiration

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19
Q

speaking

A

10% breathing in, 90% breathing out

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20
Q

breathing in thoracic cavity is____

A

actively extended to cause airflow

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21
Q

exhale beyonD rest potition

A

addition force needed

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22
Q

during speech and exhalation thoracic cavity ______

A

is passively reduced b elastic forces

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23
Q

larynx

A
  • adjustabe cartilage tube

- at top of trachea suspended from hyoid bone

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24
Q

3 main cartliages in larynx

A

1) thyroid (at top of cricoid)
2) cricoid
3) arytenoid (on top of cricoid)

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25
Q

vocal cords are attached

A

between the arytenoid and thyroid

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26
Q

what is only bone in speech production system?

A

hyoid bone

27
Q

BETWEEN RINGS OF LARYNX CARTILAGE IS …

A

muscular structures

28
Q

epiglottis closes when you _____

A

swallow food

29
Q

epiglottis sits on top of

A

hyoid bone

30
Q

vocal cord muscles

A

vocalis muscle (right and left)

31
Q

throat singing

A

collapsing false vocal folds

32
Q

true vocal folds are _____

A

smaller looking than fake ones

33
Q

females voice is typically approx. ______ Hz

A

200

34
Q

full glottis cycle

A

closed to open to cold

35
Q

Bernoulli force

A
  • pulls vocal folds together since air pressure inside is higher
  • force then pushes them back to outside
  • then elastic recoil force pulls them back together
36
Q

force responsible for opening vocal fold

A

air from lungs

37
Q

aerodynamic theory

A

1) explosion of vocal folds > opening
2) maximal opening due to inertia
3) Bernoulli effect takes over and sucks vocal folds back together
4) Bernoulli effect is predominant until vocal folds are completely closed

  • opening phase is fast and closing phase is slow
38
Q

“normal voice” is

A

modal voice

39
Q

breathy voice

A

open vocal folds more

40
Q

creaky / harsh voice

A

two vocal folds go together with false vocal folds to make one big mass

41
Q

tongue tip

A

tongue end

42
Q

tongue blade

A

distance behind tongue tip

43
Q

tongue body

A

posterior part (produce k sound)

44
Q

tongue back

A

behind tongue body

45
Q

tongue root

A

connected to hyoid bone

46
Q

extrinsic tongue muscles

A
  • originate from bone and extend to tongue

- move tongue up and down

47
Q

intrinsic tongue muscles

A
  • originate and insert inside the tongue

- used for shaping tongue

48
Q

genioglossus

A
  • extrinsic
  • mandible
  • forward movement
  • attach to the jaw
  • sticking tongue out
49
Q

hypoglossus

A
  • extrinsic
  • hyoid
  • retract and depresses tongue
50
Q

styloglossus

A
  • extrinsic
  • styloid
  • behind ears to side of tongue
  • back of tongue goes up when constricted
51
Q

palatoglossus

A
  • extrinsic

- elevates back of time

52
Q

longitudinal muscles

A
  • elevates, retract, and deviates tongue tip
  • purely about tongue tip
  • used solely when producing [t]
53
Q

vertical muscle

A
  • intrinsic
  • flattens and depresses tongue
  • dome to flat tongue
54
Q

transverve muscle

A
  • intrinsic
  • narrows tongue
  • side to side
  • more toward bottom of tongue (inferior)
55
Q

epiglottic is a _______ structure

A

passive

56
Q

lungs surrounded by …

A

visceral pleura

57
Q

visceral pleura linked to …

A

parietal pleura

58
Q

vocal folds open …

A

back to front and bottom to top

59
Q

the vocal folds close …

A

bottom to top and middle to front and back

60
Q

vibrating string theory

A

the vocal folds oscillate in the airstream just like strings

61
Q

neurochronaxic theory

A

neural impulses of the CNS directly controls the vocal folds, not possible

62
Q

aerodynamic theory

A

a sucking pressure from the airstream

63
Q

myoelastic theory

A

the elasticity of the vocal folds, vocal folds blown apart by subglottal pressure sucked back together using Bernoulli effect

64
Q

flow separation theory

A

abrubt change in the airstream that occurs at the edge of the vocal folds leading to turbulence

LINGUIST 2L03 (10 decks)

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