Anatomy of Vocal Tract Flashcards
respiration from the
lungs
phonation from
larynx
manipulation from
vocal tract
lungs
- 2 pulmones located in the thorax
- made up of spongy elastic fiber without any muscles
- 25% of elasticity from the tissue itself
- 75% of elasticity form from water molecules around alveoli
trachea
- lungs connect to trachea via bronchi
- windpipe
bronchi
- split up inside the lungs into bronchia and then into alveoli
breathing in also called
inspiration, inhalation
what is the physical prerequisite for breathing in
the air pressure in the lungs has to be lower than the air pressure “outside” the body
thoracic breathing
- the thoracic cavity can be made smaller or larger by means of the external intercostal muscles
- contracting the external intercostal muscles results in outward turn of the ribs, this makes the thorax larger, therefore lowering the air pressure in lungs
abdominal breathing
- the diaphragm is slightly domed upwards when at rest,
- can be flattened when tensed, enlarging the lung cavity downwards
- results in lower air pressure inside the lungs
breathing out
- expiration, exhalation
- no muscle activation needed to achieve the rest position
- inspiration muscles are active during expiration only to control speed and intensity of exhalation
contraction beyond rest position
internal intercostal muscles are activated to pull ribs together
residual volume of lungs
1 L
max volume of lungs
~ 6L
at rest lung volume
~ 3L
quiet respiration
40% breathing in, 60% breathing out
0.5L is inhaled (tidal volume)
inspiratory reserve volume
6L during deep breath in
vital capacity
difference between at max inspiration and max expiration
speaking
10% breathing in, 90% breathing out
breathing in thoracic cavity is____
actively extended to cause airflow
exhale beyonD rest potition
addition force needed
during speech and exhalation thoracic cavity ______
is passively reduced b elastic forces
larynx
- adjustabe cartilage tube
- at top of trachea suspended from hyoid bone
3 main cartliages in larynx
1) thyroid (at top of cricoid)
2) cricoid
3) arytenoid (on top of cricoid)
vocal cords are attached
between the arytenoid and thyroid
what is only bone in speech production system?
hyoid bone
BETWEEN RINGS OF LARYNX CARTILAGE IS …
muscular structures
epiglottis closes when you _____
swallow food
epiglottis sits on top of
hyoid bone
vocal cord muscles
vocalis muscle (right and left)
throat singing
collapsing false vocal folds
true vocal folds are _____
smaller looking than fake ones
females voice is typically approx. ______ Hz
200
full glottis cycle
closed to open to cold
Bernoulli force
- pulls vocal folds together since air pressure inside is higher
- force then pushes them back to outside
- then elastic recoil force pulls them back together
force responsible for opening vocal fold
air from lungs
aerodynamic theory
1) explosion of vocal folds > opening
2) maximal opening due to inertia
3) Bernoulli effect takes over and sucks vocal folds back together
4) Bernoulli effect is predominant until vocal folds are completely closed
- opening phase is fast and closing phase is slow
“normal voice” is
modal voice
breathy voice
open vocal folds more
creaky / harsh voice
two vocal folds go together with false vocal folds to make one big mass
tongue tip
tongue end
tongue blade
distance behind tongue tip
tongue body
posterior part (produce k sound)
tongue back
behind tongue body
tongue root
connected to hyoid bone
extrinsic tongue muscles
- originate from bone and extend to tongue
- move tongue up and down
intrinsic tongue muscles
- originate and insert inside the tongue
- used for shaping tongue
genioglossus
- extrinsic
- mandible
- forward movement
- attach to the jaw
- sticking tongue out
hypoglossus
- extrinsic
- hyoid
- retract and depresses tongue
styloglossus
- extrinsic
- styloid
- behind ears to side of tongue
- back of tongue goes up when constricted
palatoglossus
- extrinsic
- elevates back of time
longitudinal muscles
- elevates, retract, and deviates tongue tip
- purely about tongue tip
- used solely when producing [t]
vertical muscle
- intrinsic
- flattens and depresses tongue
- dome to flat tongue
transverve muscle
- intrinsic
- narrows tongue
- side to side
- more toward bottom of tongue (inferior)
epiglottic is a _______ structure
passive
lungs surrounded by …
visceral pleura
visceral pleura linked to …
parietal pleura
vocal folds open …
back to front and bottom to top
the vocal folds close …
bottom to top and middle to front and back
vibrating string theory
the vocal folds oscillate in the airstream just like strings
neurochronaxic theory
neural impulses of the CNS directly controls the vocal folds, not possible
aerodynamic theory
a sucking pressure from the airstream
myoelastic theory
the elasticity of the vocal folds, vocal folds blown apart by subglottal pressure sucked back together using Bernoulli effect
flow separation theory
abrubt change in the airstream that occurs at the edge of the vocal folds leading to turbulence
