Articulatory Phonetics Flashcards
lungs
generate airflow
trachea
windpipe that transports air
larynx
generation of phonemes and holds vocal folds
pharynx
throat
oral tract
mouth
nasal tract
nose
filter
manipulation of source characteristics
larynx is located ______
at the bottom of the pharynx
the vocal folds apart when …
- breathing
- production of /f s/
- air travels through without obstruction
the focal folds tightly closed when …
- eating
- no air passes through
- production of /k t p/
the vocal cords are approximated when …
- humming
- vowel production
- airstream from lungs causes
space between vocal cords is the
glottis
lips produce
labial sounds
teeth used for
dental and labio dental sounds
alveolar ridge
alveolar sounds
palate
palatal sounds
velum
oral and nasal sounds
uvula
uvular sounds
pharynx
pharyngeal sounds
lower articulators
- lower lip
- lower teeth
- jaw
- tongue
part of the tongue
- tongue tip
- tongue blade
- tongue body
- tongue root
tongue tip sounds called
apical sounds
tongue blade sounds called
laminal sounds
tongue root sounds called
radical sounds
active articulators
articulators that move
passive articulators
stationary articulators
lower lip active or passive?
active
upper lip active of passive?
passive
articulation of vowels
oral cavity is relatively open and vocal folds are vibrating
articulation of consonants
oral or nasal cavity obstructed
vocal folds can be vibrating or not
bilabial
lips
labiodental
lower lip and upper teeth
dental
tongue tip and teeth
alveolar
tongue tip and alveolar
postalveolar
tongue tip and back alveolar
palatal
tongue front and hard palate
velar
tongue back and velum
glottal
glottis
plosives / stops
- articulators are constricted
- airflow is completely blocked
- air suddenly released
- can be voiced or voiceless
nasal
- vocal tract blocked
- nasals are always voiced
fricative
- one articulator comes very close to another
- narrow constriction formed
- noisy turbulence of the air
affricate
- combination of stop and fricative
- always postalveolar
approximant
one articulator comes close to another without creating friction
alcohol impact on speech
- slurrs speech
- due to the change in input to the speech processing motor plan
obstruents
plosives, affricates, and fricatives
approximants can be broken into
liquids and glide
coronals
produced with the tongue tip or tongue blade
dorsal
produced with tongue dorsum
gutturals
produced in the pharynx and by the larynx
labials
produced with lips
3 articulatory dimensions of vowel articulation
frontness
height
lip rounding
how can you compensate for lip rounding
moving your tongue farther back and higher up to produce the exact same acoustic output
what symbol is NEVER stressed
schwa
cardinal vowels
- a measuring system
- 8 primary
- 10 secondary
primary cardinal vowels
/ i e ɛ a ɑ ɔ o u /
formants
the connection between articulation and acoustic output
acoustic resonances of the vocal tract
currently, there are _______-______ languages
6000-7000
in English ɹ is often produced as
retroflex [ɻ]
retroflex
take tongue tip and twist it up
trill
one articulator held close to another so that airflow between them causes vibration
____ different vowel qualities exist
11
secondary articulation
second constriction that is not as prominent than the primary articulation
primary articulation
2 restrictions equally prominent [w]
_ʷ
labialization
_ʲ
- palatalization
- secondary constriction with tongue body at the back of the palate
_ˠ
raising tongue root towards velum
velarization
raising back of the tongue towards velum
_ˤ
pharyngealization
retraction of tongue root towards the back wall of the pharynx
pulmonic airstream
the outward flow of air from the lungs
