Transcribing and epistemology Flashcards
the systematic representation of language in written form that represents an interview/focus group =
transcription
word for word verbatim, focuses on ‘what’ words were spoken = what type of transcription?
orthographic
words as well as non verbal features = what type of transcription?
non-orthographic
what are the 2 types of non-orthographic transcription?
paralinguistic and extralinguistic
what features are included in paralinguistic non-orthographic transcription?
pauses, tone of voice, laughter, volume
what features are included in extralinguistic non-orthographic transcription?
body language, gestures, facial expressions, gaze
what is the aim of non-orthographic transcription?
focuses on ‘how’ words are spoken and how other people reacted to what was said
what are the 2 types of transcription systems?
playscript and jeffersonian
play script is an _______ transcription system
orthographic
verbatim record of exactly what is said but not how, includes repetitions/pauses/false starts/errors in speech =
playscript
what type of analysis is play script generally used for?
analysis of the meaning of talk, thematic or phenomenological analysis
captures exactly what was said and how it was said =
jeffersonian
jeffersonian transcript reflects the interview as a ______ ________
social interaction (captures its complexity)
how is a jeffersonian transcript transcribed?
according to a set of symbols representing the non-linguistic features of a conversation
jeffersonian captures both __________ and ________ features such as body language, gestures, tone etc
paralinguistic, extralinguistic
what type of analysis is jeffersonian used for?
conversation analysis
what do each of these jeffersonian notations mean?
(.) (0.2) [ > < < > °word°
(.) = micro pause, (0.2)=timed pause, [ = overlapping speech, >< = speech speeds up, <> = speech slows down, °word° = noticeably quieter talk
what do non verbal cues add to our understanding of ppt s experiences?
whether it is + or - experience, more honest responses, more rich data about feelings, adds context
does it exist =
ontology
how do we know it exists =
epistemology
what research design is best?
methodology
what are the different approaches to ontology?
realism, critical realism, relativism
what are the different approaches to epistemology?
positivism, post-positivism, critical realism, social constructionism
mixed methods of merged quantitative and qualitative =
critical realism
there is one reality and we can uncover the nature of this reality through observation
positivism/realism
there is not one reality. reality is relative to the historical, cultural and social context
relativism
high in positivism/realism, objective knowledge, quantitative data, universal laws, pre-existing truth = what approach?
positivist approach
some subjectivity, conducted in a social context, research can produce knowledge that is more accurate = what approach?
post positivist / critical realism approach
high in relativism, range of valid views about the world, understanding the complexity of people and meanings, qualitative data = what approach?
social constructionist approach
what is critical realism?
perception of reality within and outside of us, perception of the world is different to our sense of self, but complex interaction between the two, everyone experiences a different reality based on their own experiences but share same biological mechanisms that drive perception
whats a limitation of playscripts?
may miss key aspects of the nature of the interaction
is play script or jefferson more systematic?
jefferson
what are limitations of jeffersonian?
hard to learn, time consuming, may be less widely applicable than orthographic transcription
