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Apex > Tranfusion > Flashcards

Tranfusion Flashcards

1
Q

For the ABO system, what is A traits?

A

RBC antigen: A
Plasma antibiodies: Anti - B
Compatibility: O, A

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2
Q

For the ABO system, what B traits?

A

RBC antigen: B
Plasma antibodies: Anti-A
Compatibility: B and O

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3
Q

For the ABO system, what is AB traits?

A

RBC antigen: A, B
Plasma antibodies: none
Compatibility: A, B, AB, O

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4
Q

In the Rh system, what does Rh-positive mean, what does Rh-negative mean?

A

Rh positive: RBC antigens ~ D; antibodies ~ none; compatibility ~ Rh negative or Rh positive

Rh negative: RBC antigens ~ none; plasma antibody ~ anti-D; Rh negative compatibility

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5
Q

What is the Universal DONOR of RBC?!

A

O negative

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6
Q

What is the universal receptor of RBC?

A

AB positive

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7
Q

What is the universal donor of plasma?!

A

AB positive

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8
Q

What is the universal acceptor of plasma?

A

O negative

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9
Q

What is typing?

A

Determines the presence of ABO and Rh-antigens

  • takes 5 mins
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10
Q

What is screening?

A

Determines the presence of the most clinically significant antibodies

(Takes 45 mins)

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11
Q

What is cross matching?

A

Provides the most accurate determination of compatibility by MIXING the recipient’s plasma with blood in the actual unit

**45 mins

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12
Q

What is the recommended order for administering uncrossmatced blood? (In most to least favorable)

A
  1. Type specific partially crossmatched blood
  2. Type specific uncrossmatched blood
  3. Type O negative uncrossmatched blood
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13
Q

How much is a 5 bag pool of cryo supposed to increase fibrinogen?

A

5 > 50

(5 bags should increase fibrinogen by 50 mg/dL)

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14
Q

How much platelets should you give a patient?

A

1 pack per 10 kg/body weight

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15
Q

What has the highest risk of bacterial contamination?

A

Platelets!

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16
Q

At what Hct should patients with significant coronary heart disease he transfused at?

A

28-30%

17
Q

What is the blood volume for a premature infant?

A

95ish mL/kg

18
Q

What is the blood volume for a term infant?

A

85ish mL/kg

19
Q

What is the blood volume for an infant ~ past term?

A

80ish mL/kg

20
Q

What is the blood volume for a school aged-child?

A

70 mL/kg

21
Q

What is the blood volume for an adult?

A

70 mL/kg

22
Q

What is citrate in PRBCs necessary for?

A

Anticoagulant

23
Q

What is dextrose in PRBCs necessary for?

A

Substrate for glycolysis

24
Q

What is the phosphate in PRBCs necessary for?

A

Buffer

25
Q

What is the adenine in PRBCs necessary for?

A

Substrate for ATP synthesis

26
Q

What is the Hct of 1 unit of PRBCs?

A

70%

27
Q

How much does one unit of PRBCs increase hemoglobin/hematocrit?

A

1 g/dL or 2-3%

28
Q

What does leukoreduction do?

A

Removes WBCs from banked RBCs and platelets

29
Q

What does washing do to blood products?

A

Removes any remaining plasma ( and antigens) in the donor RBCs

Prevents anaphylaxis in Ig-A deficient patients

30
Q

What is irradiation to blood products?

A

Exposes units to gamma radiation > disrupts WBC DNA in the donor cells and destroys donor leukocytes

***prevents graft vs host disease

This protects patients with leukemia, lymphoma, DiGeorge syndrome, etc…

31
Q

What are the most common infectious transfusion reactions in most to least common?

A

Cytomegalovirus > hep B > hep C > HIV

32
Q

What is the treatment of an acute hemolytic reaction?

A

Stop the transfusion
Maintain urine output > 75-100 mL/hr
Alkalinize the urine (bicarb)
Send urine and plasma hemoglobin samples
Check labs (platelets, fibrinogen, PT)

33
Q

What is the pathophysiology to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

A

Donor antibodies > neutrophil in lungs > endothelial injury > cap leak > pulmonary edema > impaired gas exchange > hypoxemia > acidosis > death

34
Q

What is TACO?

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload!

State of volume overload caused by expanding volume beyond the patient’s compensatory ability

Tacos are salty > bad for CHF!!

35
Q

What is the lethal triad?!

A

Coagulopathy
Hypothermia
Acidosis

36
Q

What is the final Hct count of salvaged blood?

A

60-70%

37
Q

Which has the better oxygen-carrying capacity? Salvaged blood or banked?

A

Salvaged!

They contain higher counts of 2,3 DPG and ATP!

38
Q

What are contraindications to salvages blood?

A

Sickle cel
Thalassemia
Topical drugs
Infected sites
Oncologist procedures

Apex (47 decks)

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