Traits and Reproduction Test

Question 1

What is a gene? What does it do?

Answer 1

Gene is a small part of dna that can code for proteins

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

A large condensed piece of dna that contains many genes

Question 3

What is heredity?

Answer 3

How traits are passed down from parent to offspring

Question 4

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

To be able to form offsprings without a mate

Question 6

What’s the main difference between offspring resulting from asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Asexual - no mate for offspring, genes are copied and pasted, sexual - opposite of asexual

Question 7

What is a nucleotide? What are ALL of its parts?

Answer 7

Nucleotide is the building blocks of dna
Parts: 1. Deoxyribose/Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous Base

Question 8

What are the 4 bases?

Answer 8

A, T, G, C

Question 9

What bases pair with each other?

Answer 9

A+T, C+G

Question 10

What is DNA’s shape?

Answer 10

A double helix

Question 11

What makes up DNA’s backbone or frame?

Answer 11

Sugar phosphate

Question 12

How many chromosomes do humans have? How many pairs?

Answer 12

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 13

What is a feature? And give an example.

Answer 13

A characteristic that 99.9% of the species have
ex: having hair

Question 14

What is a trait? And give an example.

Answer 14

A specific characteristic of an individual
ex: having black hair

Question 15

What is a variation? And give an example.

Answer 15

Any difference in traits between individual organisms
ex: many different hair colors

Question 16

Why do siblings have different traits from each other?

Answer 16

inheritence patterns

Question 17

What happens to the trait if you add in more of a protein that is already present for the trait?

Answer 17

It won’t affect the outcome

Question 18

What happens to the trait if you add in a new protein?

Answer 18

depends if it’s recessive or dominant

Question 19

What makes the proteins for our traits?

Answer 19

When protein is formed from cells, they combine into a structure to make traits

Question 20

What causes different organisms to make different proteins?

Answer 20

Gene creates instructions for organisms when making proteins. The outcomes will depend on different types of instructions and if the gene is homozygous or heterozygous.

Question 21

What is the definition of a protein molecule? (remember what we’ve said about this in the past!)

Answer 21

A type of protein molecule that performs important functions inside organisms and is made up of amino acids

Question 22

What is hemophilia? People who have this disease are missing what?

Answer 22

someone has less than 13 protein molecules meaning no scabs

Question 23

What is a nucleus?

Answer 23

The part of the cell where genes are found

Question 24

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 24

same

Question 25

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 25

different

Question 26

What is gene therapy?

Answer 26

working to fix/replace genes

Question 27

What is an allele?

Answer 27

An identified specific gene (you know what protein it codes for)

Question 28

How are proteins responsible for giving us our traits?

Answer 28

When proteins are made, they combine into a structure to make traits

Question 29

What is a mutation?

Answer 29

change in gene

Question 30

What are the two main types of mutations and describe each.

Answer 30

Inherited mutation - mutation form the parents Acquired mutation - mutation as a result of environmental factors or errors in dna duplication

Question 31

What is a Punnett Square used for?

Answer 31

To find the probability of offsprings receiving specific alleles

Question 32

What is a genotype?

Answer 32

A set of alleles for a particular trait (usually written down as two letters, one for each allele)

Question 33

What is a phenotype?

Answer 33

Physical outcome of of the genotype (what shows, always a trait)

Question 34

complete dominace? example?

Answer 34

When a dominant allele is in the genotype, it will show 100%, ex: black = Bb

Question 35

What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.

Answer 35

When the alleles blend together, ex: black & white blended

Question 36

What is Co-Dominance? Give an example.

Answer 36

When both alleles are in the phenotype, ex: black and white

Question 37

What’s the only way you can physically show (not write) a recessive trait?

Answer 37

2 recessive

Question 38

What information do you first need in order to start a punnett square?

Answer 38

both parents' genotype

Question 39

What percentage is each box in a punnett square worth?

Answer 39

25%

Question 40

Give me an example of a homozygous recessive genotype

Answer 40

yk what this is