Training Adaptations Part 1 structural and functional adaptions to training Flashcards
factors that modify human strength
PA
muscle mass
genetics
nutritional status
endocrine influences
nervous system activation
environmental factors
skeletal muscle adaptation
- nucleus of muscle fibers (cells) contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- DNA contains genetic material that encodes the proteins that are to be made in the cell
-many changes (adaptations) that occur within the muscle occurs at the level of the genes
-ribonucleic acid is a molecule that transcribes (copies) a portion of DNA and takes it out of the nucleus for protein synthesis
transcription
mRNA copies a message from DNA
translation
amino acids match up with mRNA
muscle cell modelling
exercise activates a gene sequence on DNA
mRNA copies a message from DNA
transcription
mRNA leaves the nucleus
amino acids match up with RNA
translation
a protein is degraded
genotype
describes your type of genes
phenotype
describes the outward appearance of muscle
(usually reflect genotype)
protein degradation see slide
overview (how translation, transcription)
genes activated, in turn activate transcription and translation of messenger RNA and stimulate protein synthesis
- particularly the protein filaments (if talking about muscle)
protein degradation overview
protein synthesis
myofibrils (actin and myosin )
thicken and increase in sarcomere #
responses of satellite cells to resistance training
proliferation
differentiation
multiplication from one to many cells=proliferation
development of a cell = differentiation
both will occur to satellite cells with resistance training
resistance training
_______ the number of satellite cells and myonuclei
increases
resistance training
Satellite cells are incorporated into the muscle fiber as ______
new myonuclei
resistance training
new myonuclei results in increased __________
protein synthesis
responders vs non-responders to resistance training
people who has great number of satellite before a resistance training program had greater muscle hypertrophy after the program
myogenic regulatory factors
MRFs
these are proteins known as “transcription” factors
they turn on transcription
they are involved with satellite cell activation
they are increased with resistance training
myostatin
a protein that halts satellite cell activation
absence of myostatin
increase protein
larger and stronger
myostatin is found to _____- with resistance training
decrease
therapeutic use of myostatin
potential use for diseases characterized by significant muscle wasting
- review of studies on myostatin blocking suggest research still very much in development stages