TRADITIONAL TEACHING STRATEGIES Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

What are the 4 Traditional Teaching strategies?

Lecturing
Discussion
Questioning
Using of Audio Visual

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The teacher is the orator and only speaker
Expositions done on topic – inspirational or informative

Traditional Oral Essay

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Begins from brainstorming from what students read.

Participatory Lecture

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Resembles traditional oral essay but with handouts (blank spaces)

Lecture with uncompleted handouts

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Consists of mini – lectures interspaced with 10 minutes small group discussion

Feedback Lecture

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Uses media such as films, slides or web based images + traditional lecture

Mediated Lecture

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What are the 5 Purpose of Lectures?

1.INTRODUCING: Efficient means of introducing learners to new topic and sets the stage of learning.
2. STIMULATES: Stimulates learner’s interest
3. INTEGRATE & SYNTHESIZE: Helps to integrate and synthesize a large body of knowledge
4. CLARIFICATION: For clarification of difficult parts (arrythmia, acid-base balances)
5. ADVANCE: To advance knowledge when textbooks are not available

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True or False

ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE:
It is economical. Great deal of information – shared

True

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True or False

ADVANTAGES OF DISCUSSION:
Supplies and textbooks become true to life → ‘theater’

False
Advantage of Lecture

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True or False

ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE:

Teacher serves as authority → students see a ‘creative mind at work’

False
Teacher serves as model → students see a ‘creative mind at work’

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True or False

DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE:
Helps students develop their listening abilities

False
ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE

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True or False

DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE:
Puts learners in the ACTIVE ROLE of a sponge

False
PASSIVE ROLE

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Disadvantage of Learning
Focuses on the TEACHING OF FACTS with little focus on Problem Solving, Decision Making, analytical thinking or transfer of learning
→ _________________________

→ results in SURFACE learning

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True or False

DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONING:
Does not meet student’s individual learning needs

False
DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE:

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True or False:

DISADVANTAGE OF LECTURE
Student’s have little attention time span. If True, what is the estimated time of a students attention span?

True, 15 minutes

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What are the 2 steps in Organizing Lectures?

Take time to plan for the objective of a lecture
Make an outline

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Framework of research used to conduct study.

Research Design

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Sharpen research method.

Research Design

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2 Types of Research:

Quasi-experimental
Pre-experimental

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A research which is
Non-randomized, focus is on cause and effect

Quasi-experimental

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A research which is
Most common, perform a research, u have target group, observe treatment after it was applied.

Pre-experimental

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2 Types of Correlation:

Ex-post facto
 Retrospective

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True or False:

Retrospective is a Correlation with qualities that already exist and compare with dependent variable

False
Ex-post facto
With qualities that already exist and compare with dependent variable

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True or False:

Retrospective
Formulate a hypothesis (scientific guess) and possible associations

True

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2 concepts used to evaluate QUALITY of research design?

* Validity: accuracy of measure * Reliability: consistency of measure

What are the 3 points needed to consider in DELIVERING THE LECTURES?

1. Plan your delivery 2. Rehearse 3. Consciously think of the delivery → to maximize effectiveness

Delivering Lectures: Consciously think of the delivery → to ____________

maximize effectiveness

2 Types of Discussion and its difference:

1. Formal Discussions ➢ Announced topic ➢ Reading, watching movie – done in advance 2. Informal Discussions ➢ Spontaneous

True or False: Purpose & Advantages of Discussion: Learns problem solving method (groups)

True

True or False: Purpose & Advantages of Discussion: Opportunity to remember principles, concepts & theories

False Opportunity to APPLY principles, concepts & theories

True or False: Advantages of Lecture: Clarifies information & concepts

False Purpose & Advantages of Discussion: Clarifies information & concepts

Purpose & Advantages of Discussion: Assists to evaluate beliefs / positions (professional, societal or ethical issues) → _____________

→ change in attitudes & values

True or False: DISADVANTAGES of Discussion Takes a lot of resources

False DISADVANTAGES of Discussion Takes a lot of time

True or False: DISADVANTAGES of Discussion One person/few participants (monopolies)

True

True or False: DISADVANTAGES of Discussion Gathering of uniformed opinions

False True or False: DISADVANTAGES of Discussion Gathering of uninformed opinions

Discussion Techniques ‘Students know exactly what they have to do for discussion’ Ex. Chapter to read, watch a video.

Make expectations clear.

Discussion Techniques Limitations (e.g. time, no. of speakers, interruptions during speech)

Set ground rules.

Discussion Techniques Circle sitting arrangement

Arrange physical space

True or False: Discussion Techniques Set ground rules Ask participants to come up with opening questions Study questions – handed out prior to meeting

False Plan a discussion starter. o Ask participants to come up with opening questions o Study questions – handed out prior to meeting

True or False: Discussion Techniques Facilitate and discuss. Refrain from talking. Watch group progress. Keep everyone engage in discussions.

False Facilitate, do not discuss. Refrain from talking. Watch group progress. Keep everyone engage in discussions.

Which Discussion Techniques is this: Give direct, simple questions: “Mary, what do you think?

Encourage quiet members to participate.

True or False: Discussion Technique Arrange physical space -Make eye contact and smile.

False Discussion Technique Encourage quiet members to participate. -Make eye contact and smile.

Which Discussion Technique is this: -Eye contact. -Be blunt when needed.. “We’ve been hearing a lot from Sarah. Now, let us hear of the rest of you think.”

Don’t allow monopolies.

Which Discussion Technique is this: -Leaders facilitate.

Direct the discussion among group members.

Which Discussion Technique is this: “We seem to have strayed a little from our topic. Let’s pick up on the last topic that Lot was talking about.”

Keep the discussion on track.

Which Discussion Technique is this: o Recording may help the group. o Let them learn the act of clear self-expression.

Clarify when confusion reigns

True or False: Is this a Discussion Technique? -Tolerate some silence. Silence gives everyone a chance to think.

True

True or False: Is this a Discussion Technique? Summarize when appropriate.

True

What are the Discussion Techniques?

1. Make expectations clear. 2. Set ground rules. 3. Arrange physical space. 4. Plan a discussion starter. 5. Facilitate, do not discuss. 6. Encourage quiet members to participate. 7. Don’t allow monopolies. 8. Direct the discussion among group members. 9. Keep the discussion on track. 10.Clarify when confusion reigns. 11.Tolerate some silence. Silence gives everyone a chance to think. 12.Summarize when appropriate.

It is a higher order of thinking and can be a teaching strategy.

Questioning

True or False: 5 FUNCTIONS OF QUESTIONS Places the teachers in an active role

False Places the learners in an active role

5 FUNCTIONS OF QUESTIONS Assesses baseline knowledge → ______________

retention

5 FUNCTIONS OF QUESTIONS Helps review content →_______________

enlightens gray areas

5 FUNCTIONS OF QUESTIONS _________________________ → Stimulates thinking & curiosity

Motivates students → Stimulates thinking & curiosity

True or False: 5 FUNCTIONS OF QUESTIONS Guides learner’s thought process

True

Levels of Questioning According to Wink Classification

1. Convergent Questions o specific, usually short & expected answers o recall and integrate information 2. Divergent Questions o Generates new ideas and draws implications o formulates a new perspective

Levels of Questioning According to Barden (1995)

1. Lower – order questions Recall information, read or memorize 2. Higher – order questions Requires more than recall Requires comprehension and critical thinking

What Type of Questioning: oRequires simple recall questions oIt might be a Yes / No question oRequires simple recall questions oAssess learner’s understanding oTo check if students are listening

Factual Questions

What Type of Questioning: Can you explain that?” o Seeks further explanation.

Probing Questions

Types of Probing ask learners to elaborate on a response

Extension probes

Types of Probing used when learner’s response is unclear

Clarification probes

Types of Probing ask learners to justify their responses

Justification probes

Types of Probing help a responder who is unsure of an answer or gives an incorrect answer.

Prompting probes

Types of Probing elicit a variety of responses from group of learners

Redirection probes

What Type of Questioning: o recall or used to begin a discussion

Multiple Choice Question Tests

What Type of Questioning: “When shall you use clean container versus sterile container in stool examination?” All questions that request learners to construct an answer

Open – Ended Question

What Type of Questioning: "Do you agree with the CPD units imposed before renewing PRC license?” Uses various questions to promote the topic.

Discussion Stimulating Questions

What Type of Questioning: Guides learners through problem solving thinking Ex. “What information do you need to have before we can solve this problem?

Questions that guide problem solving

What Type of Questioning: Stimulates thinking Guides learners into asking some of their own questions

Rhetorical Questions

Can enhance teaching Can add interest to the classrooms

Using Visual Aids

FACTORS TO CONSIDER: SELECTING MEDIA

1. Learning objectives 2. Availability of materials / technical 3. Level, ability & number of students

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL AUDIO VISUALS Saves a lot of time for information Printed materials – communicate facts, figures, concepts

Hand outs

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL AUDIO VISUALS Useful for mathematical problems

Chalkboards / Whiteboards

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL AUDIO VISUALS Saves time, helps organize and illustrates content Costly

Overhead Transparencies (OHP)

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL AUDIO VISUALS Used to show pictures, project diagrams, charts and word concepts

Slides

WHich are the ADVANTAGES OF SLIDES: A. Affordable B. Convenient for students C. Easy to store D. Easy to update / recognize E. Provides personal touch

A, C, D

➢In – house filming, video clips ➢Used during: 1) role playing 2) communication 3) counseling skills

Video Tapes

Video Tapes can be used during...

➢Used during: 1) role playing 2) communication 3) counseling skills

WHich are Advantages of videotapes: A. Provides personal touch B. Standardized exposure – in spite of distance C. Easy to store D. Can be updated or recognized E. Used at learner’s own pacing

A, B, E

True or False : DISADVANTAGES OF VIDEOTAPES ➢Costly ➢Communication is one way – learner’s become passive

True