Traditional Square of Opposition Flashcards
What is the relation of contradiction between two propositions?
The relation of contradiction occurs when one proposition is the negation of the other, implying that if one is true, the other must be false, and vice versa.
Which pairs of standard-form categorical propositions share a relationship of contradiction?
A and O propositions are contradictories, while E and I propositions are also contradictories.
Define contraries in logic.
Contraries refer to the pairwise relations between A and E propositions where both propositions cannot be true simultaneously but can both be false.
What are subcontraries in logic?
Subcontraries are pairs of propositions where both propositions cannot be false simultaneously, although they can both be true. (I and O)
Describe the concept of subalternation in logic.
Subalternation refers to the logical relation between a universal categorical proposition and a particular categorical proposition of the same quality but different quantity, where the truth of the universal implies the truth of the particular.
What must be true if the subaltern proposition is false?
If the subaltern proposition (I or O) is false, then the superaltern (A or E) must also be false.
What is the square of opposition?
The square of opposition is a diagram in traditional logic that exhibits four forms of a categorical proposition with the same subject and predicate, together with their pairwise relationships.
What immediate inferences can be drawn from the traditional square of opposition when A is given as true?
When A is given as true, E is false, I is true, and O is false.
What inference can be made if O is given as false in the traditional square of opposition?
If O is given as false, A is true, E is false, and I is true.
How does the square of opposition aid in understanding the logical relations between categorical propositions?
The square of opposition provides a systematic framework for understanding the logical relations of contradiction, contrariety, subcontrariety, and subalternation between categorical propositions.
