Traditional Rural Life of HK

Question 1

how do we know that prehistoric hk people mostly fished for a living?

Answer 1

most archaeological sites are close to the coast

Question 2

when did the puntis (cantonese) come to hk

Answer 2

song and yuan dynasty

Question 3

where did the puntis settle in (1 area + 2 examples)

Answer 3

area: new territories (fertile plains)
examples: ping shan, tai po, fanling, sheung shui

Question 4

what were puntis’ main occupations

Answer 4

farming, fish-farming

Question 5

when did the hakkas come to hk

Answer 5

ming and qing dynasty

Question 6

where did the hakkas settle in (1 area + 2 examples)

Answer 6

area: new territories (hillsides)
examples: sha tau kok, tsuen wan, sai kung

Question 7

what were hakkas’ main occupations

Answer 7

farming, stone-cutting, carrying trade

Question 8

when did the tankas come to hk

Answer 8

unknown (the earliest sea settlers)

Question 9

where did the tankas settle in (1 area + 2 examples)

Answer 9

area: hk island & new territories (near the sea)
examples: shau kei wan, aberdeen

Question 10

what were tankas’ main occupations

Answer 10

fishing

Question 11

when did the fuklos, hoklos come to hk

Answer 11

unknown

Question 12

where did the fuklos, hoklos settle in (1 area + 2 examples)

Answer 12

area: hk island & kowloon & new territories (near the sea)
examples: kowloon city, kennedy city

Question 13

what were fuklos’, hoklos’ main occupations

Answer 13

farming, fishing

Question 14

7 major economic activities

Answer 14

farming, fishing, salt making, pearl diving, pottery making, lime making, incense making

Question 15

why did they farm?

Answer 15

soil & climate are suitable for growing crops & keeping livestock

Question 16

why did they fish?

Answer 16

near the coast -> abundant supply of fish

Question 17

what was there in present-day kowloon bay before

Answer 17

gov-run salt-fields

Question 18

where did they pearl dive? (1) which 2 people were included in pearl diving?

Answer 18

tai po sea etc.
boatmen and pearl fisher

Question 19

what features do clan members have? (2)

Answer 19

descended from the same ancestor
share the same family name

Question 20

puntis clans and where they lived

Answer 20

tang: kam tin
man: san tin, tai po
hau: sheung shui
liu: sheung shui
pang: fanling

Question 21

walled village example (1)

Answer 21

sheung cheung wai

Question 22

functions of walled villages (1)

Answer 22

to protect the villagers from being attacked by pirates, bandits and enemy clans

Question 23

what do walled villages reflect? (2)

Answer 23

1. strong ties among the clan members (lived closely tgth)
2. share resources
3. well-planned (symmetrical wall + gatehouse for entrance, lived close tgth -> protection)

Question 24

ancestral halls examples (2)

Answer 24

1. tang ancestral hall
2. yu kiu ancestral hall

Question 25

functions of ancestral halls (5)

Answer 25

1. worship ancestors (ancestral tablets on the altar) 2. **to hold feasts and ceremonies** 3. a study hall 4. a venue for martial arts training 5. **meeting place for village affairs**

Question 26

what do ancestral halls reflect? (3)

Answer 26

1. wealth (decorations) and power (red sand pathway, **steel tablets with names of Tang gov officials on it)** 2. strong ties among clan members ("brotherhood" calligraphy) 3. values filial piety ("filial piety" calligraphy, ancestral worshipping)

Question 27

study halls examples (3)

Answer 27

1. shut hing study hall 2. **kun ting study hall** (ching shu hin attached to it) 3. yan tun kong study hall

Question 28

functions of study halls (2)

Answer 28

1. to educate young men in the clan and **prepare them for the imperial civil *service* exams** 2. served as a place for **ancestral worship** (worshipped ancestors with academic excellence/ success)

Question 29

what do study halls reflect? (3)

Answer 29

1. valued education (chung shu hin -> accommodation for teachers, beautiful decoration, carved panels etc.) 2. **took pride in and honoured the glory of their clan** (worship those with academic success, **path with title boards**) 3. powerful (clan members were gov officials)

Question 30

temples/ religious buildings examples (4)

Answer 30

1. tsui shing pagoda 2. shrine of the earth god 3. hung shing temple (sea god) 4. yeung hau temple (resident god)3

Question 31

functions of temples/ religious buildings

Answer 31

1. to please the gods for safety/ protection and good fortune to the clan 2. to improve feng shui

Question 32

what do temples/ religious buildings reflect? (3)

Answer 32

religious, believed in **many** gods, **valued god worshipping** (earth gods, sea gods, pagoda built to fend off evil spirits from the north etc.)