Traditional Rural Life of HK Flashcards
how do we know that prehistoric hk people mostly fished for a living?
most archaeological sites are close to the coast
when did the puntis (cantonese) come to hk
song and yuan dynasty
where did the puntis settle in (1 area + 2 examples)
area: new territories (fertile plains)
examples: ping shan, tai po, fanling, sheung shui
what were puntis’ main occupations
farming, fish-farming
when did the hakkas come to hk
ming and qing dynasty
where did the hakkas settle in (1 area + 2 examples)
area: new territories (hillsides)
examples: sha tau kok, tsuen wan, sai kung
what were hakkas’ main occupations
farming, stone-cutting, carrying trade
when did the tankas come to hk
unknown (the earliest sea settlers)
where did the tankas settle in (1 area + 2 examples)
area: hk island & new territories (near the sea)
examples: shau kei wan, aberdeen
what were tankas’ main occupations
fishing
when did the fuklos, hoklos come to hk
unknown
where did the fuklos, hoklos settle in (1 area + 2 examples)
area: hk island & kowloon & new territories (near the sea)
examples: kowloon city, kennedy city
what were fuklos’, hoklos’ main occupations
farming, fishing
7 major economic activities
farming, fishing, salt making, pearl diving, pottery making, lime making, incense making
why did they farm?
soil & climate are suitable for growing crops & keeping livestock
why did they fish?
near the coast -> abundant supply of fish
what was there in present-day kowloon bay before
gov-run salt-fields
where did they pearl dive? (1) which 2 people were included in pearl diving?
tai po sea etc.
boatmen and pearl fisher
what features do clan members have? (2)
descended from the same ancestor
share the same family name
puntis clans and where they lived
tang: kam tin
man: san tin, tai po
hau: sheung shui
liu: sheung shui
pang: fanling
walled village example (1)
sheung cheung wai
functions of walled villages (1)
to protect the villagers from being attacked by pirates, bandits and enemy clans
what do walled villages reflect? (2)
- strong ties among the clan members (lived closely tgth)
- share resources
- well-planned (symmetrical wall + gatehouse for entrance, lived close tgth -> protection)
ancestral halls examples (2)
- tang ancestral hall
- yu kiu ancestral hall
functions of ancestral halls (5)
- worship ancestors (ancestral tablets on the altar)
- to hold feasts and ceremonies
- a study hall
- a venue for martial arts training
- meeting place for village affairs
what do ancestral halls reflect? (3)
- wealth (decorations) and power (red sand pathway, steel tablets with names of Tang gov officials on it)
- strong ties among clan members (“brotherhood” calligraphy)
- values filial piety (“filial piety” calligraphy, ancestral worshipping)
study halls examples (3)
- shut hing study hall
- kun ting study hall (ching shu hin attached to it)
- yan tun kong study hall
functions of study halls (2)
- to educate young men in the clan and prepare them for the imperial civil service exams
- served as a place for ancestral worship (worshipped ancestors with academic excellence/ success)
what do study halls reflect? (3)
- valued education (chung shu hin -> accommodation for teachers, beautiful decoration, carved panels etc.)
- took pride in and honoured the glory of their clan (worship those with academic success, path with title boards)
- powerful (clan members were gov officials)
temples/ religious buildings examples (4)
- tsui shing pagoda
- shrine of the earth god
- hung shing temple (sea god)
- yeung hau temple (resident god)3
functions of temples/ religious buildings
- to please the gods for safety/ protection and good fortune to the clan
- to improve feng shui
what do temples/ religious buildings reflect? (3)
religious, believed in many gods, valued god worshipping (earth gods, sea gods, pagoda built to fend off evil spirits from the north etc.)
