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History > Islamic Civilisation > Flashcards

Islamic Civilisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Who does Islam worship?

A

Allah (the only true God)

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2
Q

Where did the word “Islam” come from? What does it mean?

A

Arabic; “surrender”, submitting to the will of God

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3
Q

Who was the founder of Islam? Where was he born?

A

Muhammad; Mecca

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4
Q

Who is Muhammad believe to be?

A

He is believed to be the last and greatest prophet of Allah

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5
Q

What does Muhammad’s name mean?

A

“Highly praised”

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6
Q

Where did Muhammad lead his followers to?

A

Migrate from Mecca to Medina

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7
Q

What did Muhammad and hist army do when they conquered Mecca?

A

Wiped out the idols in Kaaba and built the first mosque

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8
Q

What is a mosque?

A

A building in which Muslims worship

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9
Q

What are Mecca and Medina to Islam?

A

Holy cities of Islam

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10
Q

What did Muhammad’s followers do after he died?

A

They collected his messages into the Quran/ Koran

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11
Q

What is the Quran/ Koran?

A

The holy book of Islam

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12
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A

Faith, prayer, fast, charity, pilgrimage

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13
Q

How many times do Islamic people have to pray per day?

A

5 times

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14
Q

When do Islamic people fast?

A

During daylight hours in the month of Ramadan

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15
Q

How many times do Islamic people have to perform a pilgrimage to Mecca?

A

At least once in a lifetime

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16
Q

Expansion of the Islamic Empire by war

A
  • Arabian army defeated the Persian Empire -> expend eastern border to border of China
  • Arabian army occupied North Africa and most of Spain
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17
Q

Which continents with the Islamic Empire rule after?

A

Asia, Africa and Europe

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18
Q

When were the 7 crusades?

A

11th to 13th centuries

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19
Q

What were the crusades?

A

Military expeditions sent by the Pope/ Church in Europe

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20
Q

How can I see that the Europeans are Christians?

A
  • religious symbol of Christianity: the cross
  • lances: weapons of knights who much be Christians
21
Q

How can I see that the Muslim Arabs are Islamics?

A
  • religious symbol of Islam on the flag: the crescent (new moon)
  • head-dress (turban) that some of the soldiers were wearing
22
Q

Where are the soldiers going to?

A

Jerusalem

23
Q

Purpose of the Europeans in the crusades

A
  • to recapture Jerusalem
  • stop the spread of Islam
24
Q

Purpose of the Muslim Arabs in the crusades

A
  • to capture Jerusalem, their holy city (where Muhammad ascended to heaven)
25
Q

Results of the Crusades?

A

Out of the 7 Crusades sent off, the Muslim Arabs only lost the First Crusade

26
Q

2 trade roads

A

Silk Road, Maritime Silk Road

27
Q

Examples of cities which were the international economic and cultural centres due to the Silk Road

A

Baghdad

28
Q

Who controlled the land routes from Europe to Asia?

A

Arabs

29
Q

Why did Arabian merchant ships started sailing to trade (Maritime Silk Road)?

A

the technology of the Arabian shipbuilding and navigation was advanced

30
Q

What did the Arabs bring from Asia to Europe?

A

tea, silk, spice

31
Q

What did the Arabs from bring Europe to Asia?

A

jewels, glass, crafts

32
Q

What was the favoured mode of transportation to travel overland? Why?

A

Camel, because they could withstand the harsh desert conditions through central Asia and could carry heavy goods

33
Q

How did merchants and sailors move goods efficiently through oceans?

A

Made use of winter winds from NE and summer wind from SW to navigate the oceans

34
Q

What was the period of 8the to 13th centuries called? Why?

A

The Golden Age of Islamic civilization, because Muslims absorbed European and Asian civilizations and developed their unique civilization and remarkable achievements

35
Q

Achievements: language and writing system aspect

A

Arabic was popular in most European, Asian and African areas

36
Q

Achievements: literature aspect

A
  • included the elements of European and Asian history, religions, customs and myths
  • many Islamic literary works were translated into different languages
37
Q

Achievements: philosophy aspect

A
  • House of Wisdom is a famous academic centre built in Baghdad
  • Islamic scholars started the Translation Movement to translate many ancient Greco-Roman, Persian and Indian texts
38
Q

Achievements: mathematics

A
  • integrated with ancient Indian numeral system and ancient geometrical theories
  • Arabic numerals and geometrical theories are widely used today
39
Q

Achievements: medicine

A
  • integrated with the ancient Greco-Roman, Persian and Indian medical knowledge and use both internal medicine and surgery
40
Q

Achievements: architecture

A
  • Islamic architecture integrated with ancient Greco-Roman style
  • Mosque is representative of Islamic buildings
  • some mosques are decorated with arabesques, which consist of infinitely repeated and extensible geometric patterns
41
Q

What were the positive effects of the Crusaders?

A

it fostered the development of trade and indirectly favoured the formation of city-states

42
Q

Example of city-states formed

A

Venice which controlled the Mediterranean Sea

43
Q

Items the Italians learnt from the Arabs

A

Astrolabe, board games (e.g. chess, playing cards), new fruits, tea ware, medicine, musical instruments (e.g. violin), mirror

44
Q

Knowledge the Italians learnt from the Arabs

A

Astronomy, navigation skills, ship-building skills, map-reading skills, mathematics (Arabic numbers), art and literature, medicine

45
Q

2 aspects of the spread of ancient Greco-Roman Civilisation to Asia

A

Religion, astronomy

46
Q

Some Christian churches sent missionaries to follow merchants to spread Christianity to India and China. What was this branch of Christianity called?

A

Nestorianism (Jingjiao)

47
Q

What discovery did Arabian astronomers find?

A

Mistakes of the geocentric theory through observing the stars. They stated that the earth was actually rotating around the sun instead of the sun and other planets rotating around the earth.

48
Q

What astronomical instruments did the Arabian astronomers imporve?

A

sundial and astrolabe

History (9 decks)

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