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Greco-Roman Civilisation Flashcards

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1
Q

when did greek civil begin?

A

3000bc

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2
Q

when did roman civil begin?

A

2000bc

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3
Q

when did the romans conquer greece

A

146bc

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4
Q

how did the greco-roman civilisations influence the modern world (5)

A

art, science, mathematics, philosophy, architecture

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5
Q

why did greek city-states develop individually?

A

land transportation was inconvenient bc there were many hills surrounding the villages in the valleys

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6
Q

differences (3) and similarities (2) of greek city-states

A

diff: laws, gov, army
sim: language, religion

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7
Q

who are the freemen of athens?

A

x slaves, women, children or foreigners

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8
Q

what did people do in the assembly?

A

talked and voted about laws and wars

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9
Q

how was the council chosen and who were the candidates?

A

candidates: freemen
chosen by lot

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10
Q

how was the inner council chosen and who were the candidates?

A

candidates: people in the council
chosen by ballot

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11
Q

what does the term “democracy” mean?

A

“rule by the people”

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12
Q

what type of government is athens?

A

democratic government

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13
Q

what does democracy imply?

A

people get to vote and make decisions, not just one ruler/ the king

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14
Q

what is legislative power?

A

makes/ proposes laws

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15
Q

what is executive power?

A

puts the laws into action & plans policy

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16
Q

which system in hk is like the assembly, and has legislative power?

A

legislative council of hk

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17
Q

which system in hk is like the inner council, and has executive power?

A

hksar government

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18
Q

what type of government is sparta? what does it mean?

A

timarchy: ruled by a few men from noble families

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19
Q

what did athenians study? (3)

A

mathematics, poetry, music etc

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20
Q

what did spartans value more?

A

valued military training, didn’t care about reading & writing as much

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21
Q

what were the economic activities in sparta? what did they discourage?

A

farming and conquering, discouraged trade

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22
Q

what was the currency spartans used?

A

long, iron rods (harder to steal)

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23
Q

what were the economic activities in athens? (based on…)

A

based on trade

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24
Q

what was the currency athenians used?

A

coins

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25
Q

women in sparta…

A

can sell & own property if their husband has been away for war for too long

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26
Q

who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?

A

council of elders + two kings

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27
Q

who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?

A

assembly

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28
Q

when and where was the first olympic games held?

A

776bc and olympia

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29
Q

how can we see that the olympic games were important to ancient greeks? (3)

A
  1. athletes from all over greece came to participate in the olympic games
  2. all fighting between city-states stopped 3 months before the olympic games until it was over
  3. when winners returned to their city-states, they were welcomed as heroes
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30
Q

why did the ancient olympic games come to an end?

A

greece came under the toman rule in 146bc. the roman emperor theodosius was a christian and stopped all cult practices, including the olympic games, in ad393

31
Q

[ancient olympic games] location

A

always held in the same place

32
Q

[ancient olympic games] time

A

every 4 years in the summer

33
Q

[ancient olympic games] events

A

running, jumping, wrestling etc

34
Q

[ancient olympic games] awards

A

wreath of olive leaves cut from a scared tree in olympia

35
Q

[ancient olympic games] purpose

A

held as a religious festival to honour zeus

36
Q

[new olympic games] location

A

held in diff countries every time

37
Q

[new olympic games] time

A

every 2 years alternating between summer and winter

38
Q

[new olympic games] events

A

has more variety: swimming, skiing etc

39
Q

[new olympic games] awards

A

medals: gold for 1st, silver for 2nd, bronze for 3rd

40
Q

[new olympic games] purpose

A

to promote world peace and fair competition

41
Q

what does the term “philosophy” mean?

A

love of wisdom/ knowledge

42
Q

4 greek philosophers in time order

A

homer, socrates, plato, aristotle

43
Q

which philosopher’s existence was questioned?

A

homer

44
Q

what were the key publications of homer?

A
  1. the iliad
  2. the odyssey
45
Q

what was homer’s influence on the modern world?

A

unparalleled influence on western literature, culture and poems which are still studied

46
Q

which philosopher was named “the father of western philosophy”?

A

socrates

47
Q

how did socrates die?

A

sentenced to death by poison by the athenian leaders bc he didn’t believe in the athenian gods

48
Q

what is the socrate method?

A

“to learn by asking questions”

49
Q

why didn’t socrates support democracy?

A

he believed that it would ultimately lead to the election of tyrants

50
Q

did socrates write books/ record his ideas?

A

no (his student plato wrote them down afterwards)

51
Q

what was socrates’ influence on the modern world?

A

science: development of the scientific method (hypothesis)
politics: encouraged modern politicians to question their governments (e.g. martin luther jr)

52
Q

whose student was plato?

A

student of socrates

53
Q

what was plato’s key idea?

A

it is important to use reason and will to examine oneself and control natural desire

54
Q

what was plato’s key publication? what was it about?

A

the republic (to study the best form of gov)

55
Q

which school did plato set up?

A

the academy (to nurture good citizen)

56
Q

what was plato’s influence on the modern world?

A

ideas to improve the government and how democracy works (e.g. how to prevent mob rule)

57
Q

whose student was aristole?

A

student of plato

58
Q

who did aristole teach?

A

teacher of alexander the great

59
Q

what was aristole’s key idea?

A

we can only achieve true knowledge by experimenting

60
Q

which school did aristole found?

A

the lyceum

61
Q

what was aristole’s influence on the modern world? (3)

A
  1. developed the 1st system of classification of animals
  2. used experiments to study science
    3. promoted practical sciences like ethics and politics that guided behaviour
62
Q

what was socrates’ influence on the modern world? (2)

A
  1. development of the scientific method– hypothesis
  2. encouraged modern politicians to question their governments
63
Q

4 mathematicians/ scientists

A

pythagoras, euclid, archimedes, hippocrates

64
Q

what did pythagoras discover? (name+explaination)

A

discovered the theorem relating to the lengths of the 3 sides of a right-angled triangle: a^2+b^2=c^2 (the pythagoras theorem)

65
Q

what did euclid facilitate the development of? (+example)

A

development of geometry (e.g. angles of an equilateral triangle are the same)

66
Q

what did archimedes discover? (2)

A
  1. discovered a method to measure circumference
  2. discovered the principle of “mass = density x volume”
67
Q

what is hippocrates called?

A

the father of medicine

68
Q

what did hippocrates write?

A

the hippocratic oath

69
Q

how do we know that hippocrates has made an influence on the modern world?

A

modern doctors still have to take the Oath when they first become doctors

70
Q

where were greek temples built?

A

on the acropolis, the walled-area on high ground

71
Q

what architectural features were there? (2)

A

columns and pediments

72
Q

what types of columns are there? (3)

A

doric (e.g. used on the partheon), ionic, corinthian

73
Q

greek architectural styled buildings in hk (3)

A

king’s college, university of hk, central library

History (9 decks)

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