Greco-Roman Civilisation Flashcards
when did greek civil begin?
3000bc
when did roman civil begin?
2000bc
when did the romans conquer greece
146bc
how did the greco-roman civilisations influence the modern world (5)
art, science, mathematics, philosophy, architecture
why did greek city-states develop individually?
land transportation was inconvenient bc there were many hills surrounding the villages in the valleys
differences (3) and similarities (2) of greek city-states
diff: laws, gov, army
sim: language, religion
who are the freemen of athens?
x slaves, women, children or foreigners
what did people do in the assembly?
talked and voted about laws and wars
how was the council chosen and who were the candidates?
candidates: freemen
chosen by lot
how was the inner council chosen and who were the candidates?
candidates: people in the council
chosen by ballot
what does the term “democracy” mean?
“rule by the people”
what type of government is athens?
democratic government
what does democracy imply?
people get to vote and make decisions, not just one ruler/ the king
what is legislative power?
makes/ proposes laws
what is executive power?
puts the laws into action & plans policy
which system in hk is like the assembly, and has legislative power?
legislative council of hk
which system in hk is like the inner council, and has executive power?
hksar government
what type of government is sparta? what does it mean?
timarchy: ruled by a few men from noble families
what did athenians study? (3)
mathematics, poetry, music etc
what did spartans value more?
valued military training, didn’t care about reading & writing as much
what were the economic activities in sparta? what did they discourage?
farming and conquering, discouraged trade
what was the currency spartans used?
long, iron rods (harder to steal)
what were the economic activities in athens? (based on…)
based on trade
what was the currency athenians used?
coins
women in sparta…
can sell & own property if their husband has been away for war for too long
who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?
council of elders + two kings
who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?
assembly
when and where was the first olympic games held?
776bc and olympia
how can we see that the olympic games were important to ancient greeks? (3)
- athletes from all over greece came to participate in the olympic games
- all fighting between city-states stopped 3 months before the olympic games until it was over
- when winners returned to their city-states, they were welcomed as heroes
why did the ancient olympic games come to an end?
greece came under the toman rule in 146bc. the roman emperor theodosius was a christian and stopped all cult practices, including the olympic games, in ad393
[ancient olympic games] location
always held in the same place
[ancient olympic games] time
every 4 years in the summer
[ancient olympic games] events
running, jumping, wrestling etc
[ancient olympic games] awards
wreath of olive leaves cut from a scared tree in olympia
[ancient olympic games] purpose
held as a religious festival to honour zeus
[new olympic games] location
held in diff countries every time
[new olympic games] time
every 2 years alternating between summer and winter
[new olympic games] events
has more variety: swimming, skiing etc
[new olympic games] awards
medals: gold for 1st, silver for 2nd, bronze for 3rd
[new olympic games] purpose
to promote world peace and fair competition
what does the term “philosophy” mean?
love of wisdom/ knowledge
4 greek philosophers in time order
homer, socrates, plato, aristotle
which philosopher’s existence was questioned?
homer
what were the key publications of homer?
- the iliad
- the odyssey
what was homer’s influence on the modern world?
unparalleled influence on western literature, culture and poems which are still studied
which philosopher was named “the father of western philosophy”?
socrates
how did socrates die?
sentenced to death by poison by the athenian leaders bc he didn’t believe in the athenian gods
what is the socrate method?
“to learn by asking questions”
why didn’t socrates support democracy?
he believed that it would ultimately lead to the election of tyrants
did socrates write books/ record his ideas?
no (his student plato wrote them down afterwards)
what was socrates’ influence on the modern world?
science: development of the scientific method (hypothesis)
politics: encouraged modern politicians to question their governments (e.g. martin luther jr)
whose student was plato?
student of socrates
what was plato’s key idea?
it is important to use reason and will to examine oneself and control natural desire
what was plato’s key publication? what was it about?
the republic (to study the best form of gov)
which school did plato set up?
the academy (to nurture good citizen)
what was plato’s influence on the modern world?
ideas to improve the government and how democracy works (e.g. how to prevent mob rule)
whose student was aristole?
student of plato
who did aristole teach?
teacher of alexander the great
what was aristole’s key idea?
we can only achieve true knowledge by experimenting
which school did aristole found?
the lyceum
what was aristole’s influence on the modern world? (3)
- developed the 1st system of classification of animals
- used experiments to study science
3. promoted practical sciences like ethics and politics that guided behaviour
what was socrates’ influence on the modern world? (2)
- development of the scientific method– hypothesis
- encouraged modern politicians to question their governments
4 mathematicians/ scientists
pythagoras, euclid, archimedes, hippocrates
what did pythagoras discover? (name+explaination)
discovered the theorem relating to the lengths of the 3 sides of a right-angled triangle: a^2+b^2=c^2 (the pythagoras theorem)
what did euclid facilitate the development of? (+example)
development of geometry (e.g. angles of an equilateral triangle are the same)
what did archimedes discover? (2)
- discovered a method to measure circumference
- discovered the principle of “mass = density x volume”
what is hippocrates called?
the father of medicine
what did hippocrates write?
the hippocratic oath
how do we know that hippocrates has made an influence on the modern world?
modern doctors still have to take the Oath when they first become doctors
where were greek temples built?
on the acropolis, the walled-area on high ground
what architectural features were there? (2)
columns and pediments
what types of columns are there? (3)
doric (e.g. used on the partheon), ionic, corinthian
greek architectural styled buildings in hk (3)
king’s college, university of hk, central library
