Greco-Roman Civilisation

Question 1

when did greek civil begin?

Answer 1

3000bc

Question 2

when did roman civil begin?

Answer 2

2000bc

Question 3

when did the romans conquer greece

Answer 3

146bc

Question 4

how did the greco-roman civilisations influence the modern world (5)

Answer 4

art, science, mathematics, philosophy, architecture

Question 5

why did greek city-states develop individually?

Answer 5

land transportation was inconvenient bc there were many hills surrounding the villages in the valleys

Question 6

differences (3) and similarities (2) of greek city-states

Answer 6

diff: laws, gov, army
sim: language, religion

Question 7

who are the freemen of athens?

Answer 7

x slaves, women, children or foreigners

Question 8

what did people do in the assembly?

Answer 8

talked and voted about laws and wars

Question 9

how was the council chosen and who were the candidates?

Answer 9

candidates: freemen
chosen by lot

Question 10

how was the inner council chosen and who were the candidates?

Answer 10

candidates: people in the council
chosen by ballot

Question 11

what does the term “democracy” mean?

Answer 11

“rule by the people”

Question 12

what type of government is athens?

Answer 12

democratic government

Question 13

what does democracy imply?

Answer 13

people get to vote and make decisions, not just one ruler/ the king

Question 14

what is legislative power?

Answer 14

makes/ proposes laws

Question 15

what is executive power?

Answer 15

puts the laws into action & plans policy

Question 16

which system in hk is like the assembly, and has legislative power?

Answer 16

legislative council of hk

Question 17

which system in hk is like the inner council, and has executive power?

Answer 17

hksar government

Question 18

what type of government is sparta? what does it mean?

Answer 18

timarchy: ruled by a few men from noble families

Question 19

what did athenians study? (3)

Answer 19

mathematics, poetry, music etc

Question 20

what did spartans value more?

Answer 20

valued military training, didn’t care about reading & writing as much

Question 21

what were the economic activities in sparta? what did they discourage?

Answer 21

farming and conquering, discouraged trade

Question 22

what was the currency spartans used?

Answer 22

long, iron rods (harder to steal)

Question 23

what were the economic activities in athens? (based on…)

Answer 23

based on trade

Question 24

what was the currency athenians used?

Answer 24

coins

Question 25

women in sparta...

Answer 25

can sell & own property if their husband has been away for war for too long

Question 26

who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?

Answer 26

council of elders + two kings

Question 27

who does the decision-making in the gov of sparta?

Answer 27

assembly

Question 28

when and where was the first olympic games held?

Answer 28

776bc and olympia

Question 29

how can we see that the olympic games were important to ancient greeks? (3)

Answer 29

1. athletes from all over greece came to participate in the olympic games 2. all fighting between city-states stopped 3 months before the olympic games until it was over 3. when winners returned to their city-states, they were welcomed as **heroes**

Question 30

why did the ancient olympic games come to an end?

Answer 30

greece came under the toman rule in **146bc**. the roman emperor theodosius was a christian and stopped all **cult practices**, including the olympic games, in **ad393**

Question 31

[ancient olympic games] location

Answer 31

always held in the same place

Question 32

[ancient olympic games] time

Answer 32

every 4 years in the summer

Question 33

[ancient olympic games] events

Answer 33

running, jumping, wrestling etc

Question 34

[ancient olympic games] awards

Answer 34

wreath of olive leaves cut from a scared tree in olympia

Question 35

[ancient olympic games] purpose

Answer 35

held as a religious festival to honour zeus

Question 36

[new olympic games] location

Answer 36

held in diff countries every time

Question 37

[new olympic games] time

Answer 37

every 2 years alternating between summer and winter

Question 38

[new olympic games] events

Answer 38

has more variety: swimming, skiing etc

Question 39

[new olympic games] awards

Answer 39

medals: gold for 1st, silver for 2nd, bronze for 3rd

Question 40

[new olympic games] purpose

Answer 40

to promote world peace and **fair competition**

Question 41

what does the term "philosophy" mean?

Answer 41

love of wisdom/ knowledge

Question 42

4 greek philosophers in time order

Answer 42

homer, socrates, plato, aristotle

Question 43

which philosopher's existence was questioned?

Answer 43

homer

Question 44

what were the key publications of homer?

Answer 44

1. the iliad 2. the odyssey

Question 45

what was homer's influence on the modern world?

Answer 45

unparalleled influence on **western literature**, **culture** and poems which are still studied

Question 46

which philosopher was named "the father of western philosophy"?

Answer 46

socrates

Question 47

how did socrates die?

Answer 47

sentenced to death by poison by the athenian leaders bc he didn't believe in the athenian gods

Question 48

what is the socrate method?

Answer 48

"to learn by asking questions"

Question 49

why didn't socrates support democracy?

Answer 49

he believed that it would ultimately lead to the election of tyrants

Question 50

did socrates write books/ record his ideas?

Answer 50

no (his student plato wrote them down afterwards)

Question 51

what was socrates' influence on the modern world?

Answer 51

science: development of the scientific method (hypothesis) politics: encouraged **modern politicians** to question their governments (e.g. martin luther jr)

Question 52

whose student was plato?

Answer 52

student of socrates

Question 53

what was plato's key idea?

Answer 53

it is important to use reason and will to examine oneself and **control** natural desire

Question 54

what was plato's key publication? what was it about?

Answer 54

the republic (to study the best form of gov)

Question 55

which school did plato set up?

Answer 55

the academy (to nurture good citizen)

Question 56

what was plato's influence on the modern world?

Answer 56

ideas to **improve** the government and how **democracy** works (e.g. how to prevent mob rule)

Question 57

whose student was aristole?

Answer 57

student of plato

Question 58

who did aristole teach?

Answer 58

teacher of alexander the great

Question 59

what was aristole's key idea?

Answer 59

we can only achieve true knowledge by experimenting

Question 60

which school did aristole found?

Answer 60

the lyceum

Question 61

what was aristole's influence on the modern world? (3)

Answer 61

1. developed the 1st **system** of classification of animals 2. used experiments to study science **3. *promoted* practical sciences like ethics and politics that *guided behaviour***

Question 62

what was socrates' influence on the modern world? (2)

Answer 62

1. development of the scientific method-- hypothesis 2. encouraged modern politicians to question their governments

Question 63

4 mathematicians/ scientists

Answer 63

pythagoras, euclid, archimedes, hippocrates

Question 64

what did pythagoras discover? (name+explaination)

Answer 64

discovered the theorem relating to the lengths of the 3 sides of a right-angled triangle: a^2+b^2=c^2 (the pythagoras theorem)

Question 65

what did euclid facilitate the development of? (+example)

Answer 65

development of geometry (e.g. angles of an equilateral triangle are the same)

Question 66

what did archimedes discover? (2)

Answer 66

1. discovered a **method** to measure circumference 2. discovered the **principle** of "mass = density x volume"

Question 67

what is hippocrates called?

Answer 67

the father of medicine

Question 68

what did hippocrates write?

Answer 68

the hippocratic oath

Question 69

how do we know that hippocrates has made an influence on the modern world?

Answer 69

modern doctors still have to take the Oath when they first become doctors

Question 70

where were greek temples built?

Answer 70

on the acropolis, the walled-area on high ground

Question 71

what architectural features were there? (2)

Answer 71

columns and pediments

Question 72

what types of columns are there? (3)

Answer 72

doric (e.g. used on the partheon), ionic, corinthian

Question 73

greek architectural styled buildings in hk (3)

Answer 73

king's college, university of hk, central library