Traditional Logic Vocabulary Flashcards
Induction
Using examples to make generalizations.
Formal Logic
Deals with Reasoning
Material Logic
Deals with Truth
Logical
Something that make sense.
Illogical
A conclusion that does not make sense given the premises
True
Matching reality
False
Contradicting Reality
Valid
An argument whose conclusion follows logically from its premises.
Invalid
An argument whose conclusion does not follow logically from its premises.
Sound
An argument is sound if it is valid and contains true premises.
Mental Act
Part of a logical process
Verbal Expression
The explanation of a mental act.
Simple Apprehension
The basic concept of something.
Term
The verbal expression of a simple apprehension.
Judgment
Connecting or separating two simple apprehensions.
Proposition
The verbal expression of judgment.
Deductive Inference
Proving one proposition by linking others.
Syllogism
The verbal expression of deductive inference.
Sense Perception
The sensing of an object.
Mental Image
The Mental Picture of an Object.
Concept
The General Understanding of an Object.
Abstraction.
The Process of turning a sense perception of an object into the concept.
Subject Term
The verbal expression of the subject of a judgement.
Predicate Term
The verbal expression of the predicate of a judgement.
Copula
The form of “to be” that links the subject term and the predicate term.
Logical Form
Subject, copula, Predicate
Affirmo
Affirm
Nego
Negate
A Proposition
All S is P
E Proposition
No S is P
I Proposition
Some S is P
O Proposition
Some S is not P
Quality
Whether or not the Predicate Term is distributed.
Quantity
Whether or not the Subject Term is distributed.
Affirmative Quality
Affirming something.
Negative Quality
Denying something.
Universal Quantity
Referring to all of a category.
Particular Quantity
Referring to some of a category.
