Chemistry(Discovering Atomos) Flashcards
Define Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of substances, and the changes they undergo.
Define Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Solid
Matter with a definite shape and volume
Liquid
Matter with no definite shape, but definite volume.
Gas
Matter without shape or volume.
Plasma
Matter that is broken down into charged particles
Atom
The smallest unit of a substance that still has all the properties of the substance.
Element
A substance made from only one kind of atom.
Compound
A substance made up of more than one element.
Mixture
A substance whose components are not bound together.
Proton
Particles with a positive charge.
Electron
Particle with a negative charge.
Neutron
A particle with no charge
Quarks and Leptons
The building blocks of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Ion
An atom that is not electrically balanced.
Cation
A positively charged ion.
Anion
A negatively charged ion.
Atomic mass
The size of an atom.
Atomic Mass Unit
The units used to measure atomic mass.
Periodic Table of the Elements
A chart of the elements, organized into periods and groups.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an element.
Period
One of seven horizontal rows of the periodic table
Group
The vertical columbs of the periodic table
Metal
An element that can conduct electricity well, that can be molded or stretched without braking
Metalloid
Elements that are more brittle than metals, and do not conduct electicity as well.
Nonmetal
Elements that are brittle, and do not conduct electricity well.
Symbol
The letter or pair of letters that represent an element
Isotope
A variation of an element that has an extra or is missing a neutron
Electron Configuration
The organization of electrons around the nucleus of an atom
Orbit
A representation of the energy level of an electron.
Energy Level
The amount of energy in an electron, measured in calories.
Electron Cloud
The region around an atom where electrons are predicted to be found at any given point
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost orbit.
Molecule
A group of two or more elements linked together by a chemical bond.
Covalent Bond
A bond created by sharing electrons
Ionic Bond
A bond created by donating electrons
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecule
A molecule made of just one kind of atom.
Molecular Mass
The combined masses of the atoms in a molecule
Subscript
The number to the lower right of an element’s symbol, denoting the number of atoms of that element
Mole
A group of atoms or molecules that total 6.022x10^(23)
Lewis Structures
Electron dot diagrams used to illustrate valence electrons
