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Nutrition Exam 2 > Trace Minerals Part 1 > Flashcards

Trace Minerals Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is at risk for fluorosis?

A

kids, supplement users

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2
Q

What are the chronic symptoms of fluorosis?

A

mottling of teeth, pitting of bones

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3
Q

What are the acute symptoms of fluorosis?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heart arrhythmias, death

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4
Q

Who’s at risk for fluoride deficiency?

A

those that consume well or bottled water

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of fluoride deficiency?

A

dental caries, osteoporosis

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6
Q

What are the sources of fluoride?

A

fluoridated water, fluoridated toothpaste, tea (depends on brew time and type)

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7
Q

What are the functions of fluoride?

A

prevention of dental caries, bone health

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8
Q

Which genetic disorder is associated with an icnrease in copper excretion leading to deficiency?

A

Menkes syndrome

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9
Q

Which genetic disorder is associated with a decrease in copper excretion leading to toxicity?

A

Wilson’s disease

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10
Q

Supplements of ____decrease copper absorption, while ____ supplements increase copper excretion.

A

zinc; molybdenum

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11
Q

Which antioxidant enzyme required both zinc and copper?

A

cytosolic superoxide dismutase

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12
Q

Which antioxidant requires manganese?

A

mitochondrial superoxide dismutase

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13
Q

Which antioxidant requires selenium?

A

glutathione peroxidase

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14
Q

What is associated with Wilson’s disease?

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of copper toxicity?

A

nausea, vomiting, gastric pain, liver damage (jaundice), kidney damage

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16
Q

Who’s at risk for copper deficiency?

A

people taking antacids or zinc supplements, malabsorptive conditions, genetic disease (Menkes syndrome)

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17
Q

What increases copper absorption?

A

citric acid, acid environment

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18
Q

What decreases copper absorption?

A

acid-reducing meds, phytate, zinc

19
Q

What causes iron to be trapped in the enterocyte?

A

copper

20
Q

What are some good sources of copper?

A

oysters, nuts and seeds, legumes, cocoa, dried fruits, meat

21
Q

What is the function of copper?

A

iron transport, metabolism of superoxide,catecholamines, sterotonin, synthesis of ATP, cross-linking of collagen

22
Q

Where are the highest concentrations of copper in the body?

A

liver, brain, heart, kidney

23
Q

What is a clinical indicator of a zinc deficiency?

A

diminished taste mechanism

24
Q

Which is the best source of zinc?

A

seafood

25
Q

Which compound decreases zinc absorpation?

A

iron

26
Q

Zinc is required to release what from the liver?

A

vitamin A

27
Q

Zinc is required for digestion of ___ and ____.

A

folate, protein

28
Q

What are the symptoms of zinc toxicity?

A

metallic taste, headache, nausea, vomiting, copper deficiency

29
Q

What are signs/symptoms of zinc deficiency?

A

diminished taste mechanism, alopecia, decreased growth, poor wound healing, dermatitis, delayed sexual maturation, impaired immune function

30
Q

What are some good sources of zinc?

A

seafood, legumes, meat, dairy

31
Q

What increases zinc absorption?

A

aminoacids, citric acid, acid environment

32
Q

What decreases zinc absorption?

A

phytate, oxalate, tannins, iron

33
Q

What decreases copper and calcium absorption?

A

zinc

34
Q

What requires zinc to get out of the liver?

A

vitamin A (retinol)

35
Q

What are the functions of zinc?

A

cofactor, folate digestion, cell growth and replication, bone formation, immune function, insulin secretion

36
Q

Severe iron deficiency may lead to impaired activation of what?

A

vitamin D

37
Q

Which deficiency may lead to an iron deficiency?

A

copper

38
Q

When a patient presents with an iron deficiency, which blood protein is elevated?

A

albumin

39
Q

Which patient is most likely to have an iron deficiency?

A

15 year old female gymnast

40
Q

Which compound does NOT contain a heme?

A

catechol dioxygenase

41
Q

Which compound from chocolate can decrease iron absorption?

A

oxalate

42
Q

Which carrier protein is synthesized in both the SI and liver?

A

ferritin

43
Q

Which class of enzymes is required for digestion of heme iron prior to absorption?

A

hydrolase

Nutrition Exam 2 (6 decks)

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