Major Minerals Part 2 Flashcards
Where does the body get calcium to normalize blood values?
absorbed from diet, reabsorbed in the kidney, from bone
A patients consumes high phosphorous diet. What would you expect?
hypocalcemia
Which is a sign/symptom of phosphorous deficiency?
myopathy, decreased cardiac output, death
What is a poor source of phosphorous?
soda
What are the functions of phosphorous?
bone mineralization, part of DNA/RNA backbone, covalent modification, acid-base balance
What are the symptoms of phosphorous toxicity?
hypocalcemia and tetany
Who is at risk for phosphorous deficiency?
alcoholics, renal or liver disease patients, people who use large doses of antacids, malnourished patients
What are the symptoms of phosphorous deficiency?
arrhythmia, skeletal and cardiac myopathy, decreased diaphragm contractility, reduced cardiac output, death
What are good sources of phosphorous?
meat, poultry, fish, eggs
What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?
phosphorous
What can blood calcium levels be used to diagnose?
calcium toxicity
What can cause calcium toxicity?
sarcoidosis, chronic antacid use, hyperparathyroidism, high dairy or supplement intake
What is a clinical indicator of a calcium deficiency?
tetany, paresthesia
Where is calbindin 28k located in vivo?
kidneys
What stimulates PTH secretion?
low serum calcium
Which form is calcium absorbed in?
calcium ion
What are the symptoms of calcium toxicity?
fatigue, hallucinations, constipation, kidney stones, calcium deposits in soft tissue
What is the function of calcium?
bone mineralization, cell signaling
What are other nutrients that are used in bone calcification?
vitamin D, A, K, C, B6
How much calcium is needed per day?
adults 19-50= 1000mg
adults 51+= 1200mg
What are good sources of calcium?
dairy, fish, spinach, tofu, fortified grains
How much calcium is typically absorbed?
20-30%
What enhances calcium absorption?
vitamin D, sugars (lactose), protein
What inhibits calcium absorption?
fiber, phytate, oxalate, divalent minerals, fatty acids, phosphorous
What increases calcium excretion?
salt, protein, caffeine
What decreases calcium excrestion?
estrogen, potassium
How is calcium absorbed?
active transport (stimulated by vitamin D) passive diffusion
Where is 99% of calcium stored in the body?
teeth, bones
