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Nutrition Exam 2 > Major Minerals Part 2 > Flashcards

Major Minerals Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the body get calcium to normalize blood values?

A

absorbed from diet, reabsorbed in the kidney, from bone

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2
Q

A patients consumes high phosphorous diet. What would you expect?

A

hypocalcemia

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3
Q

Which is a sign/symptom of phosphorous deficiency?

A

myopathy, decreased cardiac output, death

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4
Q

What is a poor source of phosphorous?

A

soda

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5
Q

What are the functions of phosphorous?

A

bone mineralization, part of DNA/RNA backbone, covalent modification, acid-base balance

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of phosphorous toxicity?

A

hypocalcemia and tetany

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7
Q

Who is at risk for phosphorous deficiency?

A

alcoholics, renal or liver disease patients, people who use large doses of antacids, malnourished patients

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of phosphorous deficiency?

A

arrhythmia, skeletal and cardiac myopathy, decreased diaphragm contractility, reduced cardiac output, death

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9
Q

What are good sources of phosphorous?

A

meat, poultry, fish, eggs

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10
Q

What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

A

phosphorous

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11
Q

What can blood calcium levels be used to diagnose?

A

calcium toxicity

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12
Q

What can cause calcium toxicity?

A

sarcoidosis, chronic antacid use, hyperparathyroidism, high dairy or supplement intake

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13
Q

What is a clinical indicator of a calcium deficiency?

A

tetany, paresthesia

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14
Q

Where is calbindin 28k located in vivo?

A

kidneys

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15
Q

What stimulates PTH secretion?

A

low serum calcium

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16
Q

Which form is calcium absorbed in?

A

calcium ion

17
Q

What are the symptoms of calcium toxicity?

A

fatigue, hallucinations, constipation, kidney stones, calcium deposits in soft tissue

18
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

bone mineralization, cell signaling

19
Q

What are other nutrients that are used in bone calcification?

A

vitamin D, A, K, C, B6

20
Q

How much calcium is needed per day?

A

adults 19-50= 1000mg

adults 51+= 1200mg

21
Q

What are good sources of calcium?

A

dairy, fish, spinach, tofu, fortified grains

22
Q

How much calcium is typically absorbed?

A

20-30%

23
Q

What enhances calcium absorption?

A

vitamin D, sugars (lactose), protein

24
Q

What inhibits calcium absorption?

A

fiber, phytate, oxalate, divalent minerals, fatty acids, phosphorous

25
Q

What increases calcium excretion?

A

salt, protein, caffeine

26
Q

What decreases calcium excrestion?

A

estrogen, potassium

27
Q

How is calcium absorbed?

A 
active transport (stimulated by vitamin D)
passive diffusion
28
Q

Where is 99% of calcium stored in the body?

A

teeth, bones

Nutrition Exam 2 (6 decks)

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