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Nutrition Exam 2 > Major Minerals Part 1 > Flashcards

Major Minerals Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is at risk for chloride deficiency/toxicity?

A

those with chronic diarrhea or vomiting

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of chloride deficiency?

A

convulsions

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3
Q

What are good sources of chloride?

A

salt, processed foods, eggs, meat, seafood

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4
Q

What are functions of chloride?

A

fluid balance, HCl in gastric juice

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5
Q

Which does NOT lead to hypocalcemia?

A

hyperkalemia

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6
Q

Which is a clinical indicator of both hypo and hyperkalemia?

A

cardiac arrhythemias

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7
Q

All hypertensive patients would benefit from a reduced sodium diet. True or False?

A

true

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8
Q

The average American does not meet their daily sodium requirement. True or False?

A

false

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9
Q

Which mineral is utilized by kinases?

A

magnesium

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10
Q

Magnesium deficiency may present as ____ while a toxicity may present as ____.

A

muscle weakness, slurred speech

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11
Q

Where are you more likely to find magnesium and potassium?

A

plants

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12
Q

Which mineral stabilizes ATP?

A

magnesium

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13
Q

Who is at risk for potassium toxicity?

A

patients with kidney disease

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14
Q

What are the symptoms for hyperkalemia?

A

cardiac arrythmias, cardiac arrest

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15
Q

What are the symptoms for hypokalemia?

A

cardiac arrythmias, myopathy, irritability, mental confusion, glucose intolerance

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16
Q

What are subclinical deficiency of potassium symptoms?

A

high blood pressure, increased urinary calcium excretion, abnormal bone turnover

17
Q

What are good sources of potassium?

A

banana, cantaloupe, papaya, dried fruit, avocado, milk, white and sweet potatoes, squash, corn

18
Q

What are functions of potassium?

A

fluid balance, Na/K ATPase pump, inhibits calcium excretion

19
Q

Who is most likely to have high blood pressure associated with too much sodium?

A

African Americans, obese, elderly

20
Q

Who are at risk for sodium toxicity?

A

elderly, kidney disease

21
Q

What are the symptoms of sodium toxicity?

A

HTN, hypocalcemia, osteoporosis and tetany

22
Q

What happens to calcium if there is too much sodium in the body?

A

there is an increase in calcium excretion

23
Q

Who is at risk of hyponatremia?

A

excessive sweaters, severe trauma

24
Q

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, coma, seizures

25
Q

What are some good sources of sodium?

A

salt, processed or canned foods, condiments, cured meats, naturally found in meats, veggies and grains

26
Q

What are the steps of the active transport of sodium?

A
  1. sodium binds carrier protein
  2. compound binds carrier protein
  3. carrier protein releases sodium and compound inside enterocyte
  4. sodium is pumped out of enterocyte and potassium is pumped in using ATP
27
Q

What is the major cation in extracellular fluid?

A

sodium

28
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction

29
Q

Who is at risk to get magnesium toxicity?

A

patients with kidney disease

30
Q

What are the symptoms of magnesium toxicity?

A

diarrhea, nausea, flushing, slurred speech, migraine

31
Q

What are subclinical signs of not getting enough magnesium?

A

migraines, asthma, dysmenorrhea, leg cramps, diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease

32
Q

What are the symptoms of having a magnesium deficiency?

A

nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, tremors, personality changes, TETANY

33
Q

What are good sources of magnesium?

A

seeds, nuts, grains, legumes, dark leafy green veggies

34
Q

What are some functions of magnesium?

A

bone mineralization, cofactor, stabilizes ATP, muscle relaxer, vitamin D activation

35
Q

What is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body?

A

magnesium

Nutrition Exam 2 (6 decks)

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