TR theories Flashcards
what does TR do ?
TR helps people acquire or maintain skills knowledge and behaviour that will allow them to enjoy their leisure optimally function independently and participate as fully as possible in society
Clinical TR
Hospitals / homes therapeutic intervention in order to to achieve specific goals
recreation therapy : to restore , remediate or rehabilitate in order to improve functioning and independents as well as to reduce or eliminate the effect of illness
it is personalized service based on the needs and resources to every individual . government surveys and a lot of planning
Community TR
school
recreation is the end in it as itself
Recreation services : are to provide recreation resources and opportunity in order to improve health and well being ( not main purpose it just happens )
Services provided to the general public for the purpose of enjoyment and constructive use of leisure time
Maslow hierarchy of needs
clinical / community : physiological needs ( acute care inpatient rehab & psych ) and safety security needs ( freedom from fears and anxiety protection / inpatient rehab and psych )
community : love belonging needs, esteem needs , and self actualization
therapy and recreation
activity does not define the therapy it is the intent and the desired outcome that does .v the activities can be therapeutic but a person without a degree in recreation therapy cannot perform recreation therapy
therapeutic serves as having the power to heal or cure so TR has a therapeutic value
not recreation services
Deficit-Based theory
focus on the individual’s problems and their roots ( pathology and limitations )
they focus on correcting and fixing the remedies. they are professionals that help using their expertise ( means approach )
Strength-Based theory
focus on the individuals within context and environment and their capacity for well being. they focus on he strength and abilities to achieve well being . they facilitate resilience and well being and it is mostly about learning empowerment and optimism
we are more of a facilitator here
Positive psychology
strength and virtues that enable individual and community to thrive
believe that people want to lead meaningful lives and want to cultivate what is best within themselves and enhance their experience of love and work and play
Flourishing through leisure
what ar the fertile conditions for us to thrive : positive emotions and experiences , positive individual traits and positive relationships positive and enabling institutions
50 percent happiness is genetically / 10 percent life circumstances and 40 percent we can control
Learned helplessness
hopeless
after experiencing failure , it is learned which results in the inability to believe that behaviour makes difference and to perceive personal causation and heightened emotion
TR helps enhance control over leisure experiences and help translate to life in general 9( competence + choice = perceived control )
Learned Optimism
can acquire cognitive skills that shift habitual pessimism towards optimism
thoughts influences feelings that influences behaviour
Self -Determination
perceive greater control = greater motivation and autonomy and competency
enhance self worth and self advocacy
3 dimension : autonomy
self actualization and self regulation.
Process of self determination
identify and express your needs. set expectation and goals . make choices and plans to meet those goals . take action and evaluate the results then adjust your plans to meet goals
Dattilo states
Leisure participation helps to foster self determination for people with disabilities . it gives choice in leisure activities and opportunity to experience freedom of self-expression creativity and enjoyment.
recreational therapists make sure that they have all he steps to be able to complete it .
Self -Efficacy
people’s belief in their capabilities to perform in ways the give them control over events that affect their lives. ( human agency)
you need to believe you can perform to have an incentive.
pathways of self efficacy
mastery experience : success in challenging situations
social modelling : observe people similar to us perform skills we wish to master
social persuasion : others encourage us that we could succeed
physical and emotional state : when we feel bad sense of self efficacy goes down and vice versa
TR : will make sure they succeed
Optimal arousal
moderate level of arousal and alertness there are 3 assumptions : optimal arousal = pleasure ability to learn to maintain that arousal TR : less stress not too boring
Flow ( csikszentmihalyi )
intense experience where you lose the sense of time and you are in control . when the skill and abilities are matched optimally . it is a sense of optimal growth
Leisure coping
decrease negative demands and increase positive resources for coping :
problem focused coping : adjust the situation ( study , go to class etc.. ) focused on internal or external
emotion focused coping
adjust
I am ready for the exam !
Normalization
making available to all person patterns of life and conditions of everyday living that are so close as possible as the regular circumstance s and ways of life of their community and culture
( close as possible to regular conditions of life )
social role valourization
important of valued social roles in order to increase social status and acceptance
enhance social image or value as perceive by others (competencies and skills )
social capital
connections among individuals / social network
the size and quality and the value of the relationship
