Toxins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A
  • associated with the disease and characteristics
  • isolate from diseased host and grown in culture
  • reproduced with pure culture of organism and introduced into new healthy host
  • same organism must be re-isolated from infected host
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2
Q

Steps for Gram stain

A
  • heat dry sample on slide
  • 1 min of crystal violet
  • rinse gently with h2o
  • 1 min iodine
  • rinse gently with h2o
  • add decolorizer quickly
  • rinse with h2o
  • add safranin for no more than 10 secs
  • rinse with h2o and blot dry
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3
Q

How would your treat toxins from bacterial infections?

A

with anti-toxins

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4
Q

Exotoxins are?

A

cytolytic enzymes, receptor binding proteins

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5
Q

What do exotoxins do?

A

They alter cell functions or kill the cell

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6
Q

What are the three ways exotoxins affect the cell?

A
  • hemolysis
  • pore forming
  • alpha toxin
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7
Q

The three membrane damaging toxins are?

A
  • proteases
  • phospholipases
  • detergent like action
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8
Q

What symptoms do AB subunit toxins do to infected patients?

A

Diarrhea, loss of neural function, and possible death

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9
Q

How do AB toxins work?

A

The B promotes entry into the cell and A inhibits vital function of the cell.

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10
Q

What are the biochemical targets for AB toxins?

A

Ribosomes and transport cell signaling

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11
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C.diphtheriae) uses what kind of toxin?

A

AB toxin which

  1. inactivates elongation factor
  2. Prevents protein synth. by ribosome
  3. Cell death
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12
Q

C. diphtheriae inhibits what function in the cell?

A

protein synthesis

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13
Q

What are the 3 results due to AB toxin?

A
  • Inhibition of protein
  • Hyperactivation
  • Effects on nerve-muscle transmission
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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) uses AB toxins. (Cholera toxin) How does the toxin affect the cell?

A
  1. increases adenylate cyclase activity
  2. increase in cAMP
  3. loss of cell nutrients
  4. diarrhea
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15
Q

Clostridium tetani ( C. tetani) produces the tetanus toxin. How does it affect the cell?

A
  • Produces tetanospasmin
  • tetanospasmin causes inhibitory transmitter release blocked
  • continuous stimulation by excitatory transmitter
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16
Q

Clostridium botulinum ( C. botulinum) produces the botulism toxin. How does that toxin affect the cell?

A
  1. toxin blocks release of ACH from vesicles

2. stimulation blocked