Toxicology (Part 2) Flashcards
Management of snake bite:
A. Prolonged use of arterial tourniquets is wise
B. Incisions are un useful
C. Cooling measures and ice application are recommended
D. Antivenom is unproven therapy
B
Chronic salicylate poisoning:
a. Most common in the elderly-unintentional
b. Primary respiratory acidosis and primary metabolic alkalosis
c. Morbidity and mortality more in children.
d. Normal anion gap acidosis exclude salicylate toxicity.
A
Acetaminophen Toxicity:
a. A single ingestion of 7.5 g (adult) considered toxic
b. In eldery, sulfation is the primary mechanism pathway until age 10-12 years
c. Naloxone is the antidote
d. Activated charcoal is very effective with oral antidote
a
I think that 🤷♂️
Factors Affecting CO Toxicity:
a. Physical factors: CO is irritating gas
b.Individuals with cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases less prone to toxicity
c.Lowered Hb% as in anemia will lead to decrease the rate of toxicity
d.Neonates and fetus are more liable to CO toxicity
d
Cyanide antidotes:
a. Indicated in case of metabolic alkalosis
b. Hydroxycobalamin less tolerated by patients with concomitant CO poisoning
c.hydroxycobalamin in combination with sodium nitrite has been used successfully
d. Cyanide Antidote Kit:( Amyl Nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate) amyl nitrite and thiosulfate to enable their actions to convert Hb to metHb and so …etc
d
But can you explain the others
A. I don’t know
B. Hydroxocobalamin is effective especially if there is coexistence CO toxicity
C. Sodium nitrite should be combined with
Organophosphate Toxicity:
a. Aging phenomenon common with carbamate compound
b. At postganglionic nicotinic synapses lead to SLUDGE/BBB
c. At muscarinic motor end plates causes persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle
d. Fatalities from acute organophosphorus agent poisoning generally result from respiratory failure
d
Treatment of Organophosphate toxicity:
a. Decontamination is not important part of the initial care
b. Nosocomial poisoning in staff members can not occur
c.Atropine is a pure muscarinic antagonist
d. Atropine is most commonly given in intramuscular (IM)
C
Corrosives (Caustics):
a. Corrosives have no remote action except organic acids
b. Used for chemical assault (Vitriolage)
c. Alkalis Ingestion lead to tissue injury by coagulative necrosis & formation of coagulum or eschar
d. Acids most severely affect the squamous epithelium of the esophagus
a
Corrosives have no remote action except organic acids
I don’t know why b is incorrect
Scorpions poisoning:
a. The most potent is the neurotoxic venom
b. All scorpions are venomous
c. lethal scorpion species tend to produce local reactions
d. Non lethal scorpion species tend to produce systemic symptoms.
a
b. Incorrect but i don’t know why
c. lethal scorpion species tend to produce systemic reactions
d. Non lethal scorpion species tend to produce local symptoms.
N-acetylcysteine is an antidote for:
a. Aspirin
b. Acetaminophen
c. Digoxin
d. Barbiturates
b
Phenol:
a. is a white crystals with specific odor.
b. Has a dual action.
c. causing liqufactive necrosis.
d. treated by I/V Cagluconate.
B
Lead toxicity:
a. Can be caused by home-made alcohol drinking.
b. Treated mainly by blood transfusion.
c. presented by macrocytic hypochromic anaemia.
d. diagnosed if blood lead level exceed 60μg/dl.
d
Arsenic:
a. Pentavalent is more toxic than trivalent.
b. Plumbism is a chronic form of its toxicity.
c. Effects motor than sensory parts of peripheral nervous system.
d. Has direct caustic effect on blood vessels.
d
Clinical picture of salicylate:
a. Hypothermia.
b. Respiratory alkalosis.
c. irreversible deafness.
d. deep vein thrombosis.
b
Parathion toxicity diagnosis confirmed by:
a. ECG finding.
b. blood parathion level.
c. RBC acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity.
d. serum acetylcholine (Ach) level.
c
