Toxicology (Alcohol and Metals)

Question 1

• commonly used solvent and a contaminant of homemade liquors
  -frank blindness
  -toxic blood level : >50 mg/dL

Answer 1

Methanol (wood alcohol)

Question 2

type of alcohol that is readily and rapidly absorbed by the GIT

Answer 2

Ethanol and Isopropanol

Question 3

-the most commonly abused drug ; and a CNS depressant
-hangover symptoms
-toxic blood level: >400mg/dL

Answer 3

Ethanol (grain alcohol)

Question 4

it is converted first to formaldehyde, then finally to formic acid in the liver by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 4

Methanol (wood alcohol)

Question 5

the symptoms of intoxication is CNS depression and Hypertension

Answer 5

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

Question 6

it is a common constituent of hydraulic acid and antifreeze
- major metabolite : glycolic acid

Answer 6

Ethylene glycol

Question 7

it is metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone

Answer 7

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

Question 8

deposition of calcium oxalate in the renal tubules is the indication of toxicity

Answer 8

Ethylene glycol

Question 9

antidote: activated charcoal

Answer 9

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

Question 10

it has higher affinity for hemoglobin than does oxygen (200x faster then oxygen

Answer 10

Carbon Monoxide

Question 11

indication of toxicity is : “odor of bitter almonds” breath and altered mental status

Answer 11

CYANIDE

toxic effect: intravascular , hemoglobinemia , nephrotoxicity and multi- organ involvement

Question 12

indication of toxicity is :”cherry-red” color of the face

Answer 12

Carbon Monoxide

Question 13

a super toxic substance (fast-acting toxins) and s=death may occur less than an hour

Answer 13

Cyanide

Question 14

what is the antidote for arsenic

Answer 14

(BAL) British anti-lewisite

Question 15

indication of toxicity: “ odor of garlic” breath and metallic taste

Answer 15

Arsenic

Question 16

the used of hair and nails “mees lines” as specimen are important in the evaluation of long term (chronic) exposure of this metal

Answer 16

Arsenic

Question 17

acute fatal dose of arsenic

Answer 17

120 mg (arsenic trioxide) and 30 ppm (arsenic gas)

Question 18

black foot disease is a chronic exposure of this metal

Answer 18

Arsenic

Question 19

it is a significant environmental pollutant - pigments in paints and plastics

Answer 19

Cadmium

Question 20

Toxicity may lead to destruction of type 1 epithelial cells in the lungs and decrease resistance to bacterial infection

Answer 20

Cadmium

Question 21

a potent enzyme inhibitor - it blocks delta aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, pyrimidine- 5’-nucleotidase and Na-K- dependent ATPase

Answer 21

Lead

Question 22

toxic dose for Lead

Answer 22

> 0.5 mg? day

Question 23

it had a characteristic “wrist drop of foot drop” manifestation

Answer 23

Lead

Question 24

indication of toxicity : urinary aminolaevulinic acid, free RBC proporphyrin and presence of basophilic stippling in RBC

Answer 24

Lead

Question 25

it is a potent enzyme inhibitor - it inhibits catecholamine-0-methltransferase, an enzyme essential in the metabolism of catecholamines

Answer 25

Mercury