Toxicology Flashcards
Anxiolytic medications
anti-anxiety drugs
- pneumonic: zine-pine-mine & ram-pam-lam*
- throazine, chlorpromazine, benzodiazepine, clomipramine
- lorazepam, alprazolam, citalopram
- haldol
- tranquilizers (librium and valium)
Which medications causes falls in the elderly?
tranquilizers (librium and valium)
What is the largest side effect cascade from anxiolytic medications?
shizo => wander => pill rolling tremor => tardive dyskinesia (excessive mouth and lip movements)
Blood thinners
- pneumonic: in’s thins the blood*
- herapin
- warfarin
- coumadin
- aspirin
- vitamin C & E
- Dicumarol
Blood thinner concerns
- internal hemorrhage
- avoid vitamin K
Mushrooms
- psilocybin: hallucinogenic
- muscarine: poison
Sedative/hypnotic drugs
Barbiturate: sleeping pills, respiratory depressant, miosis (miosis = turning off sympathetics)
If a patient has dilated pupils, how is the ANS involved?
overstimulated sympathetics
If a patient has constricted pupils, how is the ANS involved?
understimulated sympathetics
Poisons
- organophosphates - (insecticide), blocks cholinesterase, causes runny eyes and nose
- — salivate, lacrimate, urinate, defecate = SLUD
What is the antidote for organophosphates and carbamates?
atropine- too much causes dry eyes, nose, and mouth
Most common gas poisoning?
Carbon monoxide - motors, cars, cigarettes
What are the two nitrogen based gas poisonings?
nitrogen oxide - cigarettes and plants
nitrous oxide - anesthetic (dentist)
Anabolic steroids
- cause liver damage
- early epiphyseal plate closure in children
Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform
- causes acute liver failure (even if inhaled)
Lead
batteries, paint, solder, pottery glaze, rubber, plastic toys, jewlery, dust in shooting galleries
Acute lead poisoning
- metallic taste, abdominal pain, black stools, oliguria, collapse, coma
chronic lead poisoning
- weight loss, fatigue, headache (encephalopathy), lead lines on gums (blue), anemia, irritable, vomiting, basophilic stippling, nerve tissue damage
Treatment for lead poisioning
EDTA
Mercury
crayons, toys, paint
Petroleum distillates
Ipecac treatment**
Electroshock is used for
dysthymia
Depression drugs
- monamine oxide inhibitors (MAO): prevent breakdown of neurotransmitters, increase availability of synapses, certain foods cause hypertension
- tricyclics (Elavil)
- prozac - inhibits serotonin uptake (SSRI’s)
- lithium carbonate: manic depression
What categories of antidepressants take 6 months to fully work?
MAO (monoamine oxide inhibitors) and tricyclics
What antidepressant takes days-weeks to work?
prozac
Analgesics/ symptom control for pain
NSAIDS - ibuprofen (GI irritation)
- salicylates (aspirin)
NSAIDs
- acetaminophen (tylenol) - antipyretic and analgesic (liver damage [does not irritate mucosal linings])
Overdose treatment for NSAIDS
- vomit within 4 hours
- N-acetylcysteine antidote
Salicylates (aspirin)
- bleeding
- inhibits prostaglandins
- chronic use causes: tinnitus, GI bleeding, and kidney irritation
Overdose treatment for salicylates (aspirin)
- vomit within 4 hours
- activated charcoal
- pump
- call poison control
Reye’s syndrome
- Aspirin/salicylates
- post viral/influence in children (under 18)
- acute encephalopathy
- fatty infiltration of viscera
- hepatomegaly
- s/s: h/a, vomiting, amnesia, rash, seizures, lethargy
Reye’s syndrome vs. Guillen Barre
Guillen Barre- ascending paralysis after viral infection
Reyes- post viral/influenza
there is no headache in Guillen Barre
Streptomycin
- antibiotic
- hearing problems
tetracycline
- antibiotic
- yellow teeth
- avoid dairy
- avoid sun
- binds with calcium
Penicillin
- antibiotic
- anaphylactic shock
- rash
Amoxicillin
- stunts GI neurotransmitters
- diminishes brain maturation (autism)
Levaquin
- tendon tears and ruptures
To retain natural flora with antibiotics, encourage
pro-biotics (lactobacillus and acidophilus)
Acyclovir
- herpes
- lysine, valtrex
allopurinol
chronic gout and Colchicine (acute gout)
-purine metabolism (organ meats, wine, cheese)
Antabuse
- disulfiram (turns to aldehyde in the gut when alcohol is ingested)
Dilantin
- taken to decrease seizure activity
Digitalis
- strengthens heart contractions
Propranolol
- ol = beta blocker
- migraines, heart arrhythmias, etc.
Tagament
- taken for ulcers
Lipitor
- decreases blood cholesterol
Vioxx/celebrex
- cox-2 inhibitor
Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate
- disc
