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NBS Boards 2 Associated Clinical Science > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

Anxiolytic medications

A

anti-anxiety drugs

  • pneumonic: zine-pine-mine & ram-pam-lam*
  • throazine, chlorpromazine, benzodiazepine, clomipramine
  • lorazepam, alprazolam, citalopram
  • haldol
  • tranquilizers (librium and valium)
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2
Q

Which medications causes falls in the elderly?

A

tranquilizers (librium and valium)

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3
Q

What is the largest side effect cascade from anxiolytic medications?

A

shizo => wander => pill rolling tremor => tardive dyskinesia (excessive mouth and lip movements)

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4
Q

Blood thinners

A
  • pneumonic: in’s thins the blood*
  • herapin
  • warfarin
  • coumadin
  • aspirin
  • vitamin C & E
  • Dicumarol
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5
Q

Blood thinner concerns

A
  • internal hemorrhage

- avoid vitamin K

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6
Q

Mushrooms

A
  • psilocybin: hallucinogenic

- muscarine: poison

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7
Q

Sedative/hypnotic drugs

A

Barbiturate: sleeping pills, respiratory depressant, miosis (miosis = turning off sympathetics)

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8
Q

If a patient has dilated pupils, how is the ANS involved?

A

overstimulated sympathetics

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9
Q

If a patient has constricted pupils, how is the ANS involved?

A

understimulated sympathetics

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10
Q

Poisons

A
  • organophosphates - (insecticide), blocks cholinesterase, causes runny eyes and nose
  • — salivate, lacrimate, urinate, defecate = SLUD
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11
Q

What is the antidote for organophosphates and carbamates?

A

atropine- too much causes dry eyes, nose, and mouth

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12
Q

Most common gas poisoning?

A

Carbon monoxide - motors, cars, cigarettes

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13
Q

What are the two nitrogen based gas poisonings?

A

nitrogen oxide - cigarettes and plants

nitrous oxide - anesthetic (dentist)

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14
Q

Anabolic steroids

A
  • cause liver damage

- early epiphyseal plate closure in children

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15
Q

Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform

A
  • causes acute liver failure (even if inhaled)
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16
Q

Lead

A

batteries, paint, solder, pottery glaze, rubber, plastic toys, jewlery, dust in shooting galleries

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17
Q

Acute lead poisoning

A
  • metallic taste, abdominal pain, black stools, oliguria, collapse, coma
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18
Q

chronic lead poisoning

A
  • weight loss, fatigue, headache (encephalopathy), lead lines on gums (blue), anemia, irritable, vomiting, basophilic stippling, nerve tissue damage
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19
Q

Treatment for lead poisioning

A

EDTA

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20
Q

Mercury

A

crayons, toys, paint

21
Q

Petroleum distillates

A

Ipecac treatment**

22
Q

Electroshock is used for

A

dysthymia

23
Q

Depression drugs

A
  • monamine oxide inhibitors (MAO): prevent breakdown of neurotransmitters, increase availability of synapses, certain foods cause hypertension
  • tricyclics (Elavil)
  • prozac - inhibits serotonin uptake (SSRI’s)
  • lithium carbonate: manic depression
24
Q

What categories of antidepressants take 6 months to fully work?

A

MAO (monoamine oxide inhibitors) and tricyclics

25
Q

What antidepressant takes days-weeks to work?

A

prozac

26
Q

Analgesics/ symptom control for pain

A

NSAIDS - ibuprofen (GI irritation)

- salicylates (aspirin)

27
Q

NSAIDs

A
  • acetaminophen (tylenol) - antipyretic and analgesic (liver damage [does not irritate mucosal linings])
28
Q

Overdose treatment for NSAIDS

A
  • vomit within 4 hours

- N-acetylcysteine antidote

29
Q

Salicylates (aspirin)

A
  • bleeding
  • inhibits prostaglandins
  • chronic use causes: tinnitus, GI bleeding, and kidney irritation
30
Q

Overdose treatment for salicylates (aspirin)

A
  • vomit within 4 hours
  • activated charcoal
  • pump
  • call poison control
31
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A
  • Aspirin/salicylates
  • post viral/influence in children (under 18)
  • acute encephalopathy
  • fatty infiltration of viscera
  • hepatomegaly
  • s/s: h/a, vomiting, amnesia, rash, seizures, lethargy
32
Q

Reye’s syndrome vs. Guillen Barre

A

Guillen Barre- ascending paralysis after viral infection
Reyes- post viral/influenza
there is no headache in Guillen Barre

33
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • antibiotic

- hearing problems

34
Q

tetracycline

A
  • antibiotic
  • yellow teeth
  • avoid dairy
  • avoid sun
  • binds with calcium
35
Q

Penicillin

A
  • antibiotic
  • anaphylactic shock
  • rash
36
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • stunts GI neurotransmitters

- diminishes brain maturation (autism)

37
Q

Levaquin

A
  • tendon tears and ruptures
38
Q

To retain natural flora with antibiotics, encourage

A

pro-biotics (lactobacillus and acidophilus)

39
Q

Acyclovir

A
  • herpes

- lysine, valtrex

40
Q

allopurinol

A

chronic gout and Colchicine (acute gout)

-purine metabolism (organ meats, wine, cheese)

41
Q

Antabuse

A
  • disulfiram (turns to aldehyde in the gut when alcohol is ingested)
42
Q

Dilantin

A
  • taken to decrease seizure activity
43
Q

Digitalis

A
  • strengthens heart contractions
44
Q

Propranolol

A
  • ol = beta blocker

- migraines, heart arrhythmias, etc.

45
Q

Tagament

A
  • taken for ulcers
46
Q

Lipitor

A
  • decreases blood cholesterol
47
Q

Vioxx/celebrex

A
  • cox-2 inhibitor
48
Q

Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate

A
  • disc

NBS Boards 2 Associated Clinical Science (17 decks)

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