Female Flashcards
Skene’s glands
Paraurethral
— female
Bartholin’s glands
Vulvovaginal (female)
Prolactin
Milk PROduction
Oxytocin
Uterine contraction
Breast relaxation “lets milk down”
Monophasic
No ovulation
Progesterone
Corpus luteum
Estrogen (food) and progesterone (organization)
Corpus albicans
Fibrosus of corpus luteum
Corpus atretica
Shrink
Eggs that don’t get picked to ovulate
Worst location of cancer for female
Broad ligament
Endometrium
Innermost layer
All about food (RBC and sugar)
Controlled by estrogen
Myometrium
Contracts in menses and birth
Controlled by oxytocin
Perimetrium
Outermost layer
Bandel’s ring
Fibrous ring around uterus
— not a big deal until pregnancy
Adnexal pain
Pain located over the ovaries
- DDX: ovarian cyst, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy
Placenta previa
Low lying placenta
Painless
C-section recommended to prevent hemorrhaging
Placenta abruptio
Detached placenta (painful)
Placenta accreta
- retained placenta
“Bad”
Placenta increta
In uterine muscle
“Badder”
Placenta percreta
Through uterine muscle
“Baddest”
Add 28 day cycle picture
-
Bimanual evaluation
- tenderness
- tumor
- fetus position
- ovary, tubes
- uterus
Speculum exam
- discharge
- vagina
- cervix
Cystocele
Weakness of anterior vaginal wall (causing bulge) from bladder tissue
Rectocele
Herniation of rectum into posterior wall of vagina
Cervical shape
Round, oval (pre-pregnancy) Slit like (post pregnancy)
Cervical conditions
Warts Polyps Cysts Cervicitis (discharge) Cancer
PID
Multiple agent causes from poor hygiene and STD’s
- inflammation of Fallopian tubes => salpingitis => PID
Ruptured tubal pregnancy
- usually caused by previous infection and scarring of cilia in Fallopian tubes accompanied with unilateral adnexal pain and tenderness
Usual signs of pregnancy
Absent or low HCG
Mittelschmerz
Ovulation pain, middle of the cycle
Dysmenorrhea
Difficult menses
Dyspareunia
Difficult intercourse
Dystocia
Difficult delivery
Procidentia
Prolapse uterus (overflow incontinence)
Endometriosis
Ectopic endometrium
Progressive dysmenorrhea
Late period
Toxemia of pregnancy
All about kidney
Dependent edema AND
- Pre-eclampsia: HEP
- Eclampsia: HEP + convulsions
HEP = hypertension, edema, proteinuria
Involution melancholia
Menopause (shrinkage) (atrophied vaginitis/vulvitis) Hot flashes (progesterone low)
Increased HCG conditions
- Twins
- Hydatidiform mole - benign problem
- Choriocarcinoma - cancer problem
Toxic shock syndrome
Staph infection
Side effects of hormone replacement therapy?
Clots and bleeding
Imperforate hymen
Cryptomennorhea
—blood builds up during first few menses because hymen doesn’t let it out
Baby’s location by trimester
- High
- Low
- High
EDC
Estimated day of confinement
Nagel’s rule
LMP + 7 days + 9 months
Conjugate
Measurement of pelvic birth canal (pubis to sacrum)
Location of fertilization
Ampulla
How long does implantation take?
7-10 days
HCG effects
Causes persistence of corpus luteum and prevents menstruation, chorion, trophoblast, seminoma (males)
Chadwicks sign
Bluish congested vagina (first sign)
Chadlin’s sign
Softening of cervix
1st stage of labor
1st contraction => full dilation (10 cm)(longest stage)
2nd stage of labor
Dilation => delivery of fetus (vertex presentation)
3rd stage of labor
Delivery of fetus => expel placenta
4th stage of labor/ puerperium
4-6 weeks postpartum up to 3 months
After delivery, mother is vulnerable to hemorrhage (placental tearing/separation) and infection = puerperal sepsis (high fever, abdominal tenderness)
Lochia
(1-2) weeks: discharge through puerperium first is lochia rubra (reddish), then lochia serosa (yellow), then lochia alba (clear)
Chloasma
Aka melasma
Facial mask
Linea nigra
Belly pigmentation
Braxton hicks
False contractions after 3 months
Quickening
Mother feels baby move; starts around month 3
Station
Fetal descent during labor
Ischial spine = 0
Lightening
Descent two weeks before labor
Cervical plug
Mucous plug
AKA operculum
Effacement
Thinning of cervix
Cesarean
Active vaginal infections is a good reason for C- section
