Toxicology

Question 1

CCl4

Answer 1

Nausea/Vomiting (N/V), Stupor, Seizures, Coma, Death at high concentrations
Bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) which produces free radicals that can cause damage to macromolecules, e.g., lipid peroxidation
Nonlethal acute exposure, Can occur in several hours to days, Produce liver & kidney damage

Question 2

Benzene

Answer 2

Chronic exposure can cause hematopoietic toxicity: agranulocytosis, leukemia (AML)

Question 3

Ethylene glycol

Answer 3

Oxidized to toxic metabolites, Which can cause coma, seizure, hyperpnea, & hypotension

Question 4

Organophosphates

Answer 4

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase → ↑ acetylcholine

Salivation, lacrimation, perspiration, miosis, N/V, bronchospasm, seizures, coma

Question 5

Brodifacoum

Answer 5

Toxicity: Bleeding

Question 6

Pb

Answer 6

CNS toxicity or Pb encephalopathy: HA, confusion, clumsiness, insomnia, fatigue, & impaired concentration, Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, Blood toxicity: Disrupts heme synthesis → shortens red blood cell (RBC) life span, Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Question 7

Hg

Answer 7

Clinical presentation of tremors, depression, memory loss, ↓ verbal skills, renal inflammation, High concentrations → corrosive to lungs

Question 8

Organic Hg

Answer 8

visual disturbances, paresthesia, ataxia, hearing loss, mental deterioration, muscle tremors, movement disorders which can take several days-weeks to manifest after ingesting high doses, Very high doses → paralysis & death, Misdiagnosed Alzheimer & Parkinson disease in elderly, Especially toxic to unborn child