drug interactions Flashcards
if a ________ solution and an _______ solution are mixed, they will form an insoluble precipitate
penicillin (carbenicillin); aminoglycoside (gentamycin)
_______ (stickiness) can bind to digoxin
cholestyramine
calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron salts (chelators) can bind to ______.
tetracycline
________ (by killing the vitamin K producing bacteria within the GI) can reduce synthesis of vitamin K increasing the action of anticoagulant.
Antibiotics
Hypertensive crisis can occur in patients treated with
MAO-I (tranylcypromide, phenelzine; preventing the breakdown of the brain’s Monoamine; serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) and food containing tyramine (cheddar cheeses, sausage).
Drugs can Compete for active transport p-glycoproteins (PGP). In the gut PGP can pump drug in the lumen. Competition with PGP can
reduce drug elimination (digoxin).
Antibiotics can kill the bacteria within the gut and reduce
enterohepatic cycling and thus plasma drug concentration.
Antibiotics (rifampin) and anticonvulsant (Barbiturates), alcohol, St. John’s wort, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the cigarette smoke, and benzo[a]pyrene are inducers of
cytochrome p450 enzyme.
Barbiturate can reduce the action of
warfarin
Erythromycin, Ketoconazole, and Grapefruit juice are inhibitors of
CYP3A4
PGP competition: Propenecid inhibits ______ excretion.
penicillin
Nitric oxide donor (e.g. nitroglycerin) combined with ______ can cause potentially catastrophic hypotension.
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil)
Alcohols with CNS depressants is an example of
poor pharmacodynamic interacting drugs
By inhibiting platelet aggregation, aspirin increases the risk of bleeding in patients on
anticoagulant (warfarin, dicumarol).
Alterations in electrolyte concentrations produced by diuretics such as thiazide derivative can deplete potassium resulting in
desensitization of heart to digoxin.
