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Medical Emergencies > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what can you treat hydrofluoric acid treat with?

A

calcium

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2
Q

what is an Orogastric lavage?

A
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3
Q

indirect toxins do what?

A

affects the CNS or muscular movement of air.

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4
Q

Direct Toxins do what?

A

affect gas exchange, airway, diameter, lung tissue, and ventilation.

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5
Q

with toxicology what causes tachycardia?

A

stimulants

sympathomimetics

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6
Q

what causes bradycardia in toxicology?

A

Depressants

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7
Q

What are the most important thing to do with toxicology in the EMS setting?

A 
Airway
Breathing
Pressure control
Heart Rate
Fluids/ IV access
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8
Q

what are Toxidromes?

A

group of signs and symptoms that are common when different toxic agents are induced.

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9
Q

what is suboxone (subutex)

A

buprenorphine

drug used to help people who are recovering from narcotic addiction.

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10
Q

what is the antidote for an OD on Alpha 2 agonist?

A

Dopamine and Fluid

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11
Q

antidote to benzo?

A

romazicon (flumazanil)

- can give seizures

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12
Q

antidote to opiates?

A

narcan

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13
Q

antidote to cholinergic- anticholinergics?

A

atropine

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14
Q

what is the antidote to organophosphate?

A

atropine

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15
Q

What is an antidote for digitalis?

A

digibind

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16
Q

What do you give for a BB OD?

A

glucagon

17
Q

what do you give for a Ca+ channel blocker OD?

A

calcium

18
Q

what is the best pressor for distributive shock?

A

levafed

19
Q

What does a TCA OD look like?

A
20
Q

Anticholinergic Syndrome

A
  • follows excessive exposure to antihistamines, atropine, benztropine, and Jimson weed.
  • Tachy
  • hypertension
  • dilated pupils
  • warm or hot, dry skin
  • Ileus (lack of intestinal motility)
  • Delirium
  • seizure
  • psychosis
  • urinary retention

Mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat.

21
Q

Cholinergic Syndrome

A

Follows exposure to organophosphates and carbamate insecticides or some chemical nerve agents

(profound cholinergic effects)

SLUDGEM

22
Q

what does SLUDGEM?

A 
salivation
lacrimation
urination
defecation
GI upset
Emesis
Miosis (pupil constriction)
23
Q

treatment for cholinergic overdose?

A

2 mg of Atropine (3-5 min) until effective.

24
Q

what is a speedball?

A

its an upper and a downer

  • sympathomimetic hits first
  • then downer ( hits (they Brady, and apnea)
25
Q

Sympathomimetic Syndrome

A
  • dilated pupils
  • tachycardia
  • agitation
  • seizures
  • hyperthermia
  • diaphoresis

Drugs:
MDMA (ecstasy)
Cocaine
Amphetamines

26
Q

What is Salicylate?

A

Aspirin, oil of wintergreen, (topical analgesic_icy hot)

creates acute metabolic acidosis.

Tx: if they are hyperkalemic, seen with widen QRS, then give Bicarb for the acidosis.
- give activated charcoal for swallowed pills.

27
Q

what are considered heavy metals and their associated toxic?

A

iron, lead, mercury, arsenic.

bind to oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfhydryle groups in proteins altering enzymatic activity]

encephalopathy is the cause of mortality

GI complaints, anemia, cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias common.

History of exposure is key.

28
Q

is iron a one pill killer in kids?

A

yes, seen in pre natal.

29
Q

what organ does Tylenol (acetaminophen) effect?

A

liver

30
Q

There are 4 phases to an acetaminophen OD.

A

1: 30 min to 24 hrs
- Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, anorexia

2: 24-48 hours
- RUQ Abd pain, decreased urine, elevated liver enzymes, oliguria

3: 72-96 hours
- Liver function disruption, N/V and malaise

4: 4-14 days
- Gradual recovery or progressive liver failure

31
Q

what is the antidote to a Tylenol (acetaminophen) OD?

A

need in 24 hours

- Mucomyst (makes it inactive if given in time)

32
Q

what is a cyanide poisoning?

A

plastic burning, mining techniques use cyanide, glass etching

Blocks cellular respiration at the mitochondria (stops the kerb cycle and electron transport chain)

All cells become hypoxic.

33
Q

what is the antidote to cyanide poisoning?

A

cyanokits
- hydrocarbollimene (vitamin B12), helps to break, bind and eliminate the cyanide.
Give high flow O2.

34
Q

Sudden sniffing death syndrome is what?

A

sudden death caused by acute sympathetic response

when people huff it lowers their hearts fibrillatory threshold of the heart (cardio Toxic)

35
Q

what direction does alcohol effect?

A

front to back, top to bottom

Medical Emergencies (12 decks)

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