Toxicology Flashcards
what can you treat hydrofluoric acid treat with?
calcium
what is an Orogastric lavage?
indirect toxins do what?
affects the CNS or muscular movement of air.
Direct Toxins do what?
affect gas exchange, airway, diameter, lung tissue, and ventilation.
with toxicology what causes tachycardia?
stimulants
sympathomimetics
what causes bradycardia in toxicology?
Depressants
What are the most important thing to do with toxicology in the EMS setting?
Airway Breathing Pressure control Heart Rate Fluids/ IV access
what are Toxidromes?
group of signs and symptoms that are common when different toxic agents are induced.
what is suboxone (subutex)
buprenorphine
drug used to help people who are recovering from narcotic addiction.
what is the antidote for an OD on Alpha 2 agonist?
Dopamine and Fluid
antidote to benzo?
romazicon (flumazanil)
- can give seizures
antidote to opiates?
narcan
antidote to cholinergic- anticholinergics?
atropine
what is the antidote to organophosphate?
atropine
What is an antidote for digitalis?
digibind
What do you give for a BB OD?
glucagon
what do you give for a Ca+ channel blocker OD?
calcium
what is the best pressor for distributive shock?
levafed
What does a TCA OD look like?
Anticholinergic Syndrome
- follows excessive exposure to antihistamines, atropine, benztropine, and Jimson weed.
- Tachy
- hypertension
- dilated pupils
- warm or hot, dry skin
- Ileus (lack of intestinal motility)
- Delirium
- seizure
- psychosis
- urinary retention
Mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat.
Cholinergic Syndrome
Follows exposure to organophosphates and carbamate insecticides or some chemical nerve agents
(profound cholinergic effects)
SLUDGEM
what does SLUDGEM?
salivation lacrimation urination defecation GI upset Emesis Miosis (pupil constriction)
treatment for cholinergic overdose?
2 mg of Atropine (3-5 min) until effective.
what is a speedball?
its an upper and a downer
- sympathomimetic hits first
- then downer ( hits (they Brady, and apnea)
Sympathomimetic Syndrome
- dilated pupils
- tachycardia
- agitation
- seizures
- hyperthermia
- diaphoresis
Drugs:
MDMA (ecstasy)
Cocaine
Amphetamines
What is Salicylate?
Aspirin, oil of wintergreen, (topical analgesic_icy hot)
creates acute metabolic acidosis.
Tx: if they are hyperkalemic, seen with widen QRS, then give Bicarb for the acidosis.
- give activated charcoal for swallowed pills.
what are considered heavy metals and their associated toxic?
iron, lead, mercury, arsenic.
bind to oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfhydryle groups in proteins altering enzymatic activity]
encephalopathy is the cause of mortality
GI complaints, anemia, cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias common.
History of exposure is key.
is iron a one pill killer in kids?
yes, seen in pre natal.
what organ does Tylenol (acetaminophen) effect?
liver
There are 4 phases to an acetaminophen OD.
1: 30 min to 24 hrs
- Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, anorexia
2: 24-48 hours
- RUQ Abd pain, decreased urine, elevated liver enzymes, oliguria
3: 72-96 hours
- Liver function disruption, N/V and malaise
4: 4-14 days
- Gradual recovery or progressive liver failure
what is the antidote to a Tylenol (acetaminophen) OD?
need in 24 hours
- Mucomyst (makes it inactive if given in time)
what is a cyanide poisoning?
plastic burning, mining techniques use cyanide, glass etching
Blocks cellular respiration at the mitochondria (stops the kerb cycle and electron transport chain)
All cells become hypoxic.
what is the antidote to cyanide poisoning?
cyanokits
- hydrocarbollimene (vitamin B12), helps to break, bind and eliminate the cyanide.
Give high flow O2.
Sudden sniffing death syndrome is what?
sudden death caused by acute sympathetic response
when people huff it lowers their hearts fibrillatory threshold of the heart (cardio Toxic)
what direction does alcohol effect?
front to back, top to bottom
