Renal Emergency Flashcards
what are kidneys massively responsible for?
electrolyte balance
what is the primary use of K+?
heart
what is the primary use for NA+?
neuro (seizures)
what is the primary use of Ca++?
strength
what is the job of the Adrenal Gland (sits on top of the kidney)
Hormones, but big one is BP. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. These innervate the kidney (to say keep or get rid of fluid).
Blood test for the Kidneys?
BUN
Creatine
GFR
what is end state renal disease?
they require dialysis
Disequilibrium syndrome
Occurs after dialysis; Dialysis machine has no way to know how much electrolyte to keep. Electrolyte imbalance. Sometimes when blood returns to body, electrolytes are way out of whack.
Presents with neuro dullness, visual disturbances, seizures, cardiac arrest, altered mental status, etc. Treat the symptoms-12 lead, benzos, etc…
what is a big emergency that we will encounter with a pt that has dialysis?
They can be hyper or hypo dialysis.
NEED 12-Lead
what is seen with hypokalemia?
widen QRS to a ventricular rhythm.
where does aldosterone secrete from?
adrenal gland
where does ADH secrete from?
pituitary gland
what is Erythropoietin (EPO)? and how is it stimulated?
Stimulated by low O2 levels.
its a hormone that when stimulated calls for the increase production of red blood cells.
what is glyconeogenesis?
the creation of new glucose.
Kidneys help do this.
how much fluid will get filtered through the kidneys a day?
1000 L in 24hrs.
what are nephrons?
functional unit of the kidney, used to filter.
what is urinary retention?
the inability to urinate, can not pee due to some type of blockage:
kidney stone prostate enlargement inflammation of urethra. bladder infection cancer
when someone says that they can not pee, what are two things you need to think to ask?
Difficult to unite and can’t actually pee
aren’t producing urine.
what does it mean if a person is not producing urine?
dehydration.
kidney failure.
oliguria
small amounts of urine
anuria
not make urine
dysuria
painful urination
what is our concern with an upper UTI?
pyelonephritis
what is pyelonephritis?
life threatening infection, and can move up into your kidneys (inflammation of the kidney)
pus and inflammation of nephrons, causes acute renal failure, sepsis, and infrarenal and perinephric abscesses.
what do lower UTI involve?
bladder and urethra
very common in young women
what is occult bleeding?
its blood traces in the urine, something we wont see, but it needs to have a urine test for.
about how much CO will be needed to perfuse the kidneys?
20% or our Cardiac Output is for the kidneys. they metabolize a lot.
if Septic, important to fill the pt to keep them perfused and the kidneys working. Also use of a presser.
what should we do with a pt that has a suspected acute or chronic kidney failure.
place them on the 12-lead. we want to look for electrolyte imbalances.
