Toxicity of organic compounds

Question 1

What does it mean that Aliphatic hydrocarbons :Methane, ethane, propane and butane have suffocating effect?

Answer 1

If they accumulate in a poorly ventilated space, they can push out the oxygen, leading to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.
When the oxygen concentration drops below a critical level, it becomes difficult or impossible for living organisms to breathe, creating a suffocating effect.

Question 2

What are toxic effects of C5-C7 hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Damage periphery nervous system (that lies outside your brain and spinal cord), easily diffuse through skin, which is strongly degreased by them. If affect eyes damage of
cornea (outer layer of the eye) occurs.

Question 3

Is paraffin oil toxic? (alkanes >C16)

Answer 3

Its harmless

Question 4

Acetylene toxicity?

Answer 4

Under pressure its explosive gas, formation of acetylides (compounds with metals), especially Cu and Ag acetylide are explosive.

Question 5

Explore the multifaceted aspects of benzene toxicity, considering its impact on human health and the environment.

Answer 5

Benzene can be absorbed through inhalation, skin contact, ingestion.
Acute toxicity:
1) short term exposure to high concentrations of benzene can lead to headaches, dizziness, sometimes can cause unconsciousness.
2) respiratory effects: inhalation of benzene vapors can cause shortness of breath
3) skin and eye irritation
Chronic toxicity:
1) Chronic exposure has been strongly linked to an increased risk of leukemia
2) Benzene can suppress the production of blood cells, leading to conditions like anemia
3) Prolonged exposure to benzene has been associated with weakened immune function

Benzene is also harmful to the environment, particularly to air, water, and soil.

Air: because its a volatile organic compound, it contributes to formation of ground-level ozone and smog.

Water: Benzene is highly soluble in water, which means it can easily contaminate groundwater and surface water bodies when improperly disposed of or when there is a spill.

Soil contaminant: Benzene can leach into the soil from industrial spills, waste disposal, or leaks from underground storage tanks.

Question 6

By what can benzene be replaced?

Answer 6

As solvent replaced by
toluene, xylenes and cyclohexane.

Question 7

What is the main toxicity of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Name 3 examples of Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Answer 7

Neurotoxic, hepatotoxic (damages liver), cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic (harmful to kidneys) cancerogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic (can cause birth defects or abnormal development).
dichloromethane, chloroform, vinyl chloride.

Question 8

halogenated aromates hydrocarbons. Where they mostly accumulate?

Answer 8

in fatty tissues

Question 9

Narcotic effect of simple alcohols increases with:

Answer 9

1) number of carbon atoms
2) branching
3) unsaturation of
carbon framework

Question 10

What is the toxicity of phenols?

Answer 10

Because they have acid properties, they are corrosive (causing damage or destruction to living tissue), and irritating.
Damages CNS, kidneys, liver, blood, some of them are carcenogenic.

Question 11

Narcotic effect of ethers increases with what?

Answer 11

with molar mass and a number of double/triple bonds.

Question 12

Are ethers flamable?

Answer 12

Highly flammable liquids,
which vapors create explosive mixture with air