Inorganic compounds

Question 1

Describe the toxicity of Mercury. Name one toxic compound of Mercury.

Answer 1

Kidney failure, bloody diarrhea, toooth loss, hallucinations.
Mercury cyanide.

Question 2

Toxicology of lead. Give 3 ex.

Answer 2

Children – decrease of intellectual development, lower IQ
pale face and lips
neurotoxic

Question 3

CrO3. Describe its toxicity

Answer 3

Carcinogenic, mutagenic, direct DNA destruction.

Question 4

What are the oxidation states of chromium? Which one is the most toxic? Describe its toxicity.

Answer 4

There are 3 oxidation states of chromium: 0,3, 6.
6: Found in potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and other comp.
Toxicity: inhalation of dust or fumes can increase risk of lung cancer. 1st place carcinogen.; severe skin irritation, dermatitis.
Ingesting (ingestion is the act of swallowing or taking substances into the body via the mouth.) it can lead to kidney and liver damage; also damages DNA.

Question 5

What are Forms of oxygen and their toxic properties?

Answer 5

Ozone O3-toxic; irritates lung and nervous system; Chronic lung damage; carcinogenetic suspect

-Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
– burning (oxidation) of tissues – dangerous (especially for eyes)

Question 6

Toxicity of nitrogen and its compounds.

Answer 6

Hydrazine (N2H4)-transfers through skin; damages heart, liver,kidneys, blood, CARCINOGENIC.
-Hydroxylamine (NH2OH): causes hemolysis, cyanosis, spasms
- Nitrogen oxides: NO, NO2, N2O5: irritates mucous membranes (membranos dengiančios vidinius organus)

Question 7

What is the toxicity of phosphorus and its compounds?

Answer 7

-the most reactive halogen, self-ignitable, causes serious burns
-Phosphorous chloride- high toxic, irritates skin, lung edema
-Phosphane (PH3)- damages body organs, lung edema, heart dysfunction, coma.
-Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) - osteoporosis

Question 8

Hazardous properties of Fluorine?

Answer 8

very irritating gas; its effect to skin is similar as flame
-causes Fluorosis (is a condition caused by excessive exposure to fluoride, particularly during childhood when teeth and bones are still developing)
-with drinking water which has high levels of fluoride and for ex. swallowing toothpaste can lead to IQ decrease due to brain function affection.

Question 9

What are the risks of fluorine and its compounds? Describe the importance of fluorine in
the daily use?

Answer 9

toxic fluorine compounds: * Hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid (HF)
* Glass corrosion
* Highly toxic
* Causes deep injuries

Daily use: fluoride is used in toothpaste, drinking water to prevent tooth decay.
Fluorinated compounds are found in some pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides.

Question 10

Hazardous properties of Chlorine?

Answer 10

Irritating gas, affecting mucous membranes ( and eyes
- chlorates-These compounds are derived from chloric acid (HClO₃). They are highly oxidative, irritate skin, causes blood poison (due to their ability to oxidate hemoglobin) hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells)

Question 11

Hazardous properties of Bromine?

Answer 11

liquid causes burn.
-HBr- similar effect as HCl
- Bromates-similar like chlorates
-brominated organic compounds (pesticides) affect immunity, hormones.

Question 12

Hazardous properties of Iodide?

Answer 12

biogenic-in thyroxin (derivative of tyrosine)
-vapor inhalation-lung irritation
- causes sores
-iodates-more toxic than chlorates, also hemolysis.