natural toxins Flashcards
What is the difference between opportunistic pathogens and frank (true) pathogens?
Opportunistic pathogens do not cause disease in a healthy individual.
Is it true that exotoxins are bacterial proteins?
true
What is endotoxins composition?
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
What is more toxic- exotoxins or endotoxins?
exotoxins
What are toxoid vaccines?
They neutralize the toxic activity created by bacteria.
What are the symptoms of SEB (Staphylococcal enterotoxin B) exposure?
What bacteria causes it?
the symptoms are similar to normal flu, chills, headache, sore throat and muscle pain.
Staphylococus aureus.
What is Common contributor to food poisoning in humans (mayonnaise products, eggs,
confectionery?
staphylococcal enterotoxicosis
When toxigenicity of diphtheria toxin occurs?
This toxin is produces by which bacteria?
occurs only when the bacillus is itself infected by a specific
virus carrying the genetic information for the toxin
Its produces by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Name 3 toxins?
diphtheria toxin,
botulinum toxin,
SEB (Staphylococcal enterotoxin B)
What toxin has the biggest toxicity to the nervous system? Which bacteria produces it?
Botulinum toxin (Clostridium botulinum) -Block nerve functions and can lead to respiratory and muscular paralysis
How can a person be infected by Clostridium tetani? How is its released toxin called?
it enters body through wound;
tetanospasmin- binds in central nervous system, Leads to muscle spasm.
Name 2 neurotoxins?
tetanospasmin,
botulinum toxin (has biggest toxicity)
What is Shiga toxin?
Its produced by Escherichia coli, causes gastrointestinal disease.
How can we get intoxicated by cyanotoxins (produced by cyanobacteria)?
by touching or swimming in contaminated water (skin, eyes, throat irritation)
What are mycotoxins? How are they toxic?
toxins produced by filamentous fungi (molds) growing on crops, grains, fruits in the fields or can appear during storage.
How can a person get ergot poisoning?
When contaminated grains or foods made from them are consumed, the toxic alkaloids can cause neurological, gastrointestinal and blood vessel symptoms.
What is the most common group of mycotoxins?
aflatoxins
Are ergots mycotoxins?
yes they are
What are common toxic effects of Poisonous mushrooms?
inflammation of the stomach and intestines,
hallucinations
liver toxicity
What is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world?
Death cap
What are the symptoms of poisoning of atropine?
dizziness, disorientation,
sometimes aggression
hallucinations
*Death due to failure of respiratory centre (a group of neural structures located in the brainstem responsible for regulating breathing)
Which toxin is considered to be a ribosomal venom? What can it cause? How it can be exposed to human?
ricin, it blocks ribosomes physiological function.
Causes gastroenteritis, liver, kidney
and spleen damage (bluznis), death
Through: inhalation (powders), injections, mist or spray, contaminated food/water.
From what animals we can get intoxicated?
insects, snakes
