Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards
Tox: Acetaminophen
Rx: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
Tox: Salicylates
Rx: NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
Tox: Amphetamines (basic)
Rx: NH4Cl (acidify urine)
Tox: AchE inhibitors, organophosphates
Rx: Atropine, Pralidoxime
Tox: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents
Rx: Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
Tox: B-blockers
Rx: Glucagon
Tox: Digitalis
Rx: Normalize K+, Lidocaine, Anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+
Tox: Iron
Rx: Deferoxamine, deferasirox
Tox: Lead
Rx: CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
tox: Mercury, arsenic, gold
Rx: Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
Tox: Copper, arsenic, gold
Rx: Penicillamine
Tox: Cyanide
Rx: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
Tox: Methemoglobin
Rx: Methylene blue, vit C
Tox: CO
Rx: 100% O2, Hyperbaric O2
Tox: Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Rx: Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis
Tox: Opiods
Rx: Naloxone/naltrexone
Tox: Benzodiazepines
Rx: Flumazenil
Tox: TCAs
Rx: NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)
Tox: Heparin
Rx: Protamine
Tox: Warfarin
Rx: Vit K, FFP
Tox: tPA, Streptokinase, Urokinase
Rx: Aminocaproic acid
Tox: Theophylline
Rx: B-blocker
Rxn: Coronary vasospasm
Rx: Cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids
Rxn: Cutaneous flushing
Rx: Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacine, Ca2+ channel, blockers
Rxn: Dilated cardiomyopathy
Rx: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin
Rxn: Torsades de pointes
Rx: Class III (Sotalol) and class IA (quinidine) anti-arrhyth
Rxn: Agranulocytosis
Rx: Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Dapsone
Rxn: Aplastic anemia
Rx: Chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil, methimazole
Rxn: Direct Coombs + hemolytic anemia
Rx: Methyldopa, PCN
Rxn: Gray baby syndrome
Rx: Chloramphenicol
Rxn: Hemolysis in G6PD-defic pts
Rx: Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Primaquine, ASA, Ibuprof, Nitrofurantoin
Rxn: Megaloblastic anemias
Rx: Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drgs
Rxn: Thrombotic complications
Rx: OCPs (estrogens)
Rxn: Cough
Rx: ACE-i
Rxn: Pulm fibrosis
Rx: Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan
Rxn: Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
Rx: Erythromycin
Rxn: Focal-massive hepatic necrosis
Rx: Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen
Rxn: Hepatitis
Rx: INH
Rxn: Pseudomembranous colitis
Rx: Clindamycin, ampicillin
Rxn: Adrenocortical insuffic
Rx: Glucocorticoid w/drawal (HPA suppression)
Rxn: Gynecomastia
Rx: Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimeditine, chronic alcohol use, estrogens, Ketoconazole
Rxn: Hot flashes
Rx: Tamoxifen, Clomiphene
Rxn: Hyperglycemia
Rx: Niacin, tacrolimus, protease-i, HCTZ, corticosteroids
Rxn: Hypothyroidism
Rx: Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides
Rxn: Fat redistribution
Rx: Glucocorticoids, protease-i
Rxn: Gingival hyperplasia
Rx: Phenytoin, Verapamil
Rxn: Gout
Rx: Furosemide, Thiazides, NIacin, Cyclosporine
Rxn: Myopathies
Rx: Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, Interferon-a, Penicillamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids
Rxn: Osteoporosis
Rx: Corticosteroids, heparin
Rxn: Photosensitivity
Rx: Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracycline
Rxn: Rash (SJS)
Rx: PCN, Ethosuximide, Carbamazepine, Sulfa drugs, Lamotrigine, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital
Rxn: SLE-like syndrome
Rx: Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin
Rxn: Teeth changes (kds)
Rx: Tetracyclines
Rxn: Tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage dmge
Rx: Fluoroquinolones
Rxn: DI
Rx: Lithium, demeclocycline
Rxn: Fanconi’s
Rx: Expired tetraycline
Rxn: Hemorrhagic cystitis
Rx: Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide (prevent by coadministering with mesna)
Rxn: Interstitial nephritis
Rx: Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
Rxn: SIADH
Rx: Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide
Rxn: Cichoism
Rx: Quinidine, Quinine
Rxn: Parkinson-like syndrome
Rx: Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide
Rxn: Seizures
Rx: Isoniazid, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide
Rxn: Tardive dyskinesia
Rx: Antipsychotics
Rxn: Antimuscarinic
Rx: Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, Neuroleptics
Rxn: Disulfiram-like rxn
Rx: Metronidazole, certain Cephalosporins, Procarbazine, 1st-gen Sulfonylureas
Rxn: Nephrotoxicity/Ototoxicity
Rx: Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Loop diuretics, Cisplatin
Rxn: Serotonin Syndrome
Rx: Cryoheptadine (5-HT1/2 receptor antagonist, Antihistamine)
P-450 Inducers
Modafinil
Barbiturates
St. John’s wort
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
Chronic alcohol use
P-450 Inhibitors
Macrolides
Amiodarone
Grapefruit juice
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ritonavir
Acute alcohol abuse
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides
Gemfibrozil
Quinidine
Sulfa drugs
Probenicid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide Ab’s, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
-Rxns: fever, UTI, pruritic rash, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and urticaria (hives)