Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

A

1) Use: Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 1st generation/ Reverisble inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha andrenergic
4) Fun Facts: Names contain “-en/-ine” or “-en/-ate”

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2
Q

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

A

1) Use: Allergy
2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 2nd generation/reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
3) Side effects/ADEs: Less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
4) Fun Facts: Name usually ends in “-adine”

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3
Q

Albuterol

A

1) Use: Asthma, acute exacerbation
2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes broncial smooth muscle
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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4
Q

Salmeterol, formoterol

A

1) Use: Asthma, prophylaxis
2) Class/MOA: Beta 2 agonist, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, long acting
3) Side effects/ADEs: Tremor, arrhythmia
4) Fun Facts

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5
Q

Ipratropium

A

1) Use: asthma, COPD (tiotropium)
2) Class/MOA: Long Acting muscarinic antagonist/ competeitve block of muscarinic receptors, prevents bronchoconstriction
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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6
Q

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

A

1) Use: 1st line for chronic asthma
2) Class/MOA: Corticosteroid/ inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NFkB transcription factor for production of TNF alpha, among other inflammatory agents
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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7
Q

Montelukast, zafirlukast

A

1) Use: Block Asthma, especially aspirin induced
2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/block leukotriene receptor
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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8
Q

Zileuton

A

1) Use: Asthma
2) Class/MOA: Antileukotrienes/5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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9
Q

Omalizumab

A

1) Use: Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroid and long acting beta agonists
2) Class/MOA: Monoclonal anti IgE antibody, binds mosly unbound serum IgE
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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10
Q

Theophylline

A

1) Use: Asthma
2) Class/MOA: Methylxanthines/ causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis, blocks adenosine
3) Side effects/ADEs: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolized by P450 these limit use
4) Fun Facts

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11
Q

Guaifenesin

A

1) Use: Expectorant
2) Class/MOA: Thins respiratory secreitons, doesn’t suppress cough reflex
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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12
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

1) Use: Expectorant, CF patients, antidote for acetaminophen overdose
2) Class/MOA: Mucolytic, loosen mucous plugs (CF patients)
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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13
Q

Bosentan

A

1) Use: Pulmonary arterial hypertension
2) Class/MOA: Compeitively antagonizes endothelin 1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

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14
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

1) Use: antitussive=cough suppressant
2) Class/MOA: Antagonizes glutamate recptors, synthetic codeine analog
3) Side effects/ADEs: Mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential
4) Fun Facts: Naloxone can be given for overdose

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

A

1) Use: Nonprescription nasal decongestants: Reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion, obstructed eustachian tubes
2) Class/MOA: Sympathomimetic alpha antagonistic
3) Side effects/ADEs: Hypertension, CNS stimulaiton/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
4) Fun Facts: also used as a stimulant and to make meth

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16
Q

Methacholine

A

1) Use: Asthma challenge testing
2) Class/MOA: Muscarinic receptor agonist
3) Side effects/ADEs:
4) Fun Facts

17
Q

What is bronchoconstriction mediated by?

A

1 ) Inflammatory processes 2) prasympathetic tone so therapy is direct at these 2 pathways