Toxic Responses of the Kidney

Question 1

4 key structural features of the nephron that are important determinants of function at the cellular level

Answer 1

1. brush-border plasma membrane microvilli
2. basolateral plasma membrane invaginations
3. mitochondria
4. nucleus

Question 2

morphology of proximal tubules

Answer 2

tall + prominent microvilli, cuboidal shape, extensive basolateral infolding, leaky epithelium, lots of mitochondria

Question 3

physiology of proximal tubules

Answer 3

75% filtered Na removed by active transport, passive water and Cl- reabsorption, organic anion secretion

Question 4

biochemical properties of proximal tubules

Answer 4

high oxygenation, FA oxidation and gluconeogenesis

Question 5

the proximal tubule is the primary renal site of

Answer 5

drug metabolism

Question 6

3 reasons why drugs are taken off the market

Answer 6

1. competitions with endogenous substrates
2. competition with other commonly used drugs
3. high activity/high affinity transport

Question 7

GFR is the volume of

Answer 7

blood completely removed of a substance per unit time

Question 8

in a healthy human GFR should equal

Answer 8

125 ml/min

Question 9

3 ways to measure GFR

Answer 9

blood urea nitrogen
serum creatinine
inulin