Toxic Plants

Question 1

chokecherry and Johnson grass/sorghum are what kind of toxic plant?

Answer 1

cyanide toxic plant: prevents oxygen from entering the electron transport chain. hemoglobin cannot release oxygen

Question 2

a cow is acutely dead but the farmer tells you the cow was having trouble breathing and salivating excessively. when you look at the cow on necropsy, it has bright red blood and an almond smell coming from the rumen contents. what are you worried about? how could you treat the rest of the herd that was possibly exposed?

Answer 2

cyanide poisoning; possibly choke cherry or johnson grass/sorghum

treatment: sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate–>creates methemoglobin to kick off the cyanide and then it can be excreted from the kidneys

Question 3

pigweed, nightshades (solanum), oat hay, sorghum, rye, and alfalfa are examples of what kind of plant toxicity?

Answer 3

nitrate accumulating plants: causes methemoglobinemia

Question 4

a cow with muddy chocolate brown mucus membranes, ataxia, and difficulty breathing. what are you worried about? treament for this cow?

Answer 4

nitrate toxicity: pigweed, nightshade, sorghum, etc

tx: methylene blue

Question 5

oleander, foxglove, lily of the valley, yew, and rhododendron, are all examples of what?

Answer 5

cardiotoxic plants

Question 6

how do you treat cardiotoxic plant ingestion?

Answer 6

supportife care, activated charcoal, atropine for bradycardia,

Question 7

which plant causes primary photosensitization?

Answer 7

St. John’s Wort

Question 8

brassica, blue green algae, and groundsel, amsinckia intermedia (fiddle neck), are all examples of

Answer 8

secondary photosensitization, aka they cause liver failure

Question 9

lupine is what kind of toxic?

Answer 9

neurotoxic: induces nicotinic effects

Question 10

a sheep is found salivating, incoordination, head pressing, tremors, and dyspnea. what toxic plant are you worried about?

Answer 10

lupine

Question 11

_____ is a teratogen in cattle but not sheep and causes crooked calf syndrome

Answer 11

lupine: nicotinic toxicity in sheep and crooked calf syndrome

Question 12

Answer 12

pigweed: nitrate poisoning

Question 13

Answer 13

johnson grass: cyanide toxicity

Question 14

Answer 14

oleander: cardiotoxic

Question 15

Answer 15

foxglove: cardiotoxic

Question 16

Answer 16

st johns wort: primary photosensitization

Question 17

Answer 17

brassica: secondary photosensitization

Question 18

Answer 18

fiddle neck: secondary photosensitization

Question 19

Answer 19

lupine: nicotinic affects in sheep and crooked calf syndrome

Question 20

Answer 20

hemlock: alkaloid toxicity, toxin is coniine which is a nicotinic receptor antagonist, death via resp paralysis/failure

Question 21

Answer 21

bracken fern: has thiaminase, causes PEM, bone marrow suppression and bladder tumors (in ruminants),

Question 22

black walnut causes

Answer 22

HORSES: acute laminitis/necrosis of distal laminae, distal limb edema, and fever

Question 23

Answer 23

cottonseed/gossypol: cardiotoxic, heart failure, red urine, anemia, poor performance

Question 24

Answer 24

locoweed: ataxia, hypermetria, proprioception deficits, emaciation, abortions/contracted tendons in babies

Question 25

Answer 25

water hemlock: cicutoxin, acute violent tetanic seizures, anatagonizes GABA, acute death

Question 26

Answer 26

yellow star thistle: nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses, toxic unknown, chewing and dropping food, paralysis of lips & tongue

Question 27

Answer 27

perilla mint: pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, interstitial edema & emphysema, nasal discharge

Question 28

Answer 28

Western False Hellebore : teratogenic, cyclops babies, tranceal agenesis, usually sheep

Question 29

red maple causes

Answer 29

red blood cell lysis in horses: depression, anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia

Question 30

Answer 30

ponderosa pine: causes abortions, small calf, retained fetal membranes, stillbirths