MSK- Sparks Lecture Flashcards
this 14 months old cow had stifle effusion and had a mild lameness. Dx?
probably OCD
if a cow was acute onset of severe lameness + effusion, +/- a fever, some cellulitis or pain on palpation, and the lesion is hot, how should you proceed?
likely an infectious thing going on
start with synoviocentesis
if chronic, do rads
if a cow has mild to moderate lameness with some effusion with no other signs, how should you proceed?
suspect non infectious disease, could consider imaging like rads and rest + NSAIDs
the end result of any joint damage is
degenerative joint disease
characteristics of osteochondrosis
a multifactorial disease
usually presents between 1-2 yo
usually bilateral–>take rads of both sides
usually femoropatellar, tarsocural, sometimes atlanto-occipital
how to treat oesteochondrosis?
can do symptomatic treatment, or can do arthroscopy or arthrotomy
this is urgent!
possibly a septic wound
do a joint tap
how to workup and diagnose infectious synovitis?
arthrocentesis: will have a TP over 4, over 80% neutrophils, total nuclear cell count is >25,000
rads: bony changes, possibly osteomyelitis
ultrasound: fibrin in the joint–>chronic inflammation
how does joint contamination progress to osteomyelitis?
contamination, synovial inflammation, increased fluid and cells, fibrin production, cartilage erosion and fibrosis, infection of the subchondral bone and osteomyelitis
what are the 3 ways infectious joint disease can happen? what are the bacterial pathogens usually associated with each?
direct trauma (E coli, T pyogenes), invasion from surrounding tissues (can also be staph and strep), hematogenous infection (all the above but mycoplasma)
3 main treatments for synovial sepsis? what other treatments can be given?
reduce bacterial load, control inflammation, resolve pain
others: NSAIDs, lavage, drainage
what veins shoukd ya poke when doing the IV regional limb perfusion?
common digital vein or medial and lateral digital vein
when is local treatment of synovial sepsis appropriate?
if the problem is localized to the synovial space and it’s not open and/or draining
prognosis of septic synovitis?
depends!
worse if there’s a delay in treatment
improved by aggressiveness of initial treatment
how does mycoplasma usually present?
usually multiple septic joints with concurrent disease, can affects cows of any age, can be concurrent with mastitis or pneumonia, usually affecting large joints
acquired flexural limb deformities are usually due to what
prolonged period of abnormal weight bearing (animal not bearing weight and then the tendons shrink and it becomes permmanent)
describe what stage 1 mild/moderate flexural deformity looks like and how you treat it?
- the calf can get up and nurse, but the heel does not contact the ground
- treatment: give em booties, can use splints, controlled exercise
describe what stage 2 moderate to severe flexural deformity looks like and how you treat it?
- dorsal aspect of the claw is angled more than perpendicular to the ground but you can manually straighten the limb
- treartment: NSAIDs and analgesia, casting and splinting, make sure they get colostrum
describe what stage 3 or severe flexural deformity looks like and how you treat it?
calf walks with the dorsal aspect of the fetlock or pastern or carpus on the ground and you cant manually straighten the limb
treatment: rule out osseous abnormalities, can do surgery but it is often unrewarding
what is arthrogryposis?
joint contracture WITH abnormal bone changes, usually affecting multiple limbs and they are usually rotated. there is usually a cause so GO LOOKING
what is this
elso heel/spastic paresis
a progressive neuromuscular disease that is inherited–>spastic contraction of gastroc and SDFT–>eventually recumbency and weight loss
misfiring and jerking of the hind limbs
treatment of elso heel?
euthanasia or referral surgery
WOT
ruptured proneus tertius, fair prognosis, not a big deal
WOT
ruptured gastroc or SFDT, bad prognosis
CS of CCL rupture in a cow and how you can treat
acute NWB lameness resolving to moderate, stifle effusion, only one leg affected, may hear click when walking
treatment: can either do stall rest or can do surgical treatment
treatment options for coxofemoral luxation
closed reduction: best if the luxation is less than 12 hours old
open reduction: easier, can stabilize the joint to prevent luxation happening again, better if it’s chronic
poor prognosis for ____ type of coxofemoral joint luxation
cranioventral
dorsal luxation of the patella is common in _____. CS?
beef cows, working animals, animals in late gestation of rapid growth
CS: limb locks in extension and they will drag their hind leg behind themselves
lateral/medical patellar luxation happens why?CS? which is more common
cannot extend the stifle and bear weight
usually congenital, trauma, or femoral nerve damage (like with dystocia)
lateral way more common
