Tout, Past Definite Tenses, Present Participles Flashcards
tout
all, every (when followed by noun with definite article)
tout (masc. singular); toute (fem. singular); tous (masc. plural); toutes (fem. plural)
tout (alt. meaning)
any, each (when followed by noun without definite article)
tout, tous, toutes as indefinite pronouns
tout = everything
tous, toutes = all, everyone
usually preceding a verb
tout, toute, toutes as adverbs
completely, very, quite
precedes an adjective
tout le monde
everyone, everybody
tout de suite
immediately
tout à fait
entirely, quite
puis
then
d’abord
first
past definite tense endings of regular -er verbs
-ai, -as, -a, -âmes, -âtes, -èrent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., trouvai = found
commandant
commandant, major, commander
le bord
the bank (of a river)
fleuve
river
davantage
more, further
monter
to go up
remonter
to go back up
un naufrage
a ship wreck
mener à bien
to complete successfully
un poisson
fish
subir
to suffer, to undergo
past definite tense endings of regular -ir verbs
-is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., finis = finished
past definite tense endings of regular -re verbs
-is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., vendis = sold
past definite tense endings of regular -ure verbs
-us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., conclus = concluded
past definite tense endings of most -oir verbs
-us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., reçus = received
present definite tense endings of most -oir verbs
-s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent
always translated by English simple present tense, i.e., reçois = receive
past definite tense of pouvoir, savoir, connaître, courir, croire, conclure
-us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent
stems are irregular, varying from first letter alone to first four letters
irregular -oir verbs which follow past definite tense endings of -ir verbs
voir and s’asseoir (to sit down)
courir
to run
épreuves
trials, hardships
baisser
to lower
réunir
to reunite, to gather
tant … que
as much … as
past definite tense endings of -enir verbs
-ins, -ins, -int, -înmes, -întes, -inrent
always translated by English simple past tense, i.e., vins = came
past definite tense of avoir
‘eus, eus, eut, eûmes, eûtes, eurent
always translated as “had”
past definite tense of être
fus, fus, fut, fûmes, fûtes, furent
always translated as “were”
past definite tense of faire
fis, fis, fit, fîmes, fîtes, firent
always translated as “did”
étendre
to extend
avoir lieu
to take place
aussitôt
immediately
avoir soin
to take care
lutter
to struggle
bientôt
soon
être en butte à
to be exposed to
historical present in French narrative
often translated into English past tense, context contingent
s’écrier
to cry out
la courounne
the crown
le roi
the king
répugner à
to loathe, to abhor
avoir envie de
to desire
present participle formation and translation
add -ant to stem of nous form in present tense
Examples: parlant (speaking), finissant (finishing), vendant (selling), faisant (doing)
irregular verb stems for present participle
avoir (ayant = having), être (étant = being), savoir (sachant = knowing)
present participle used as adjective
still uses -ant ending, but must agree in gender and number with noun modifying; still translated as -ing
un suivant
a follower
les surivants
the survivors
un croyant
a believer
sot
stupid, foolish
la marine
the navy
soustraire
to take away, to remove
se rendre compte de
to realize
avoir recours à
to use, to have recourse to
se refuser à
to refuse
prédire
to predict, foretell
prévoir
to foresee
aveugle
blind
aveuglément
blindly
en preceding present participle
while, in, on, by, upon (context dependent)
tout en preceding present participle
while, although (serves to intensify simultaneity of actions)
remplir
to fill
réaliser
to fulfill, to implement
voir
to see
vois, vois, voit, voyons, voyez, voient
Past participle is vu (seen)
Present participle is voyant (seeing)
past definite tense of voir
vis, vis, vit, vîmes, vîtes, virent
infinitive following voir conjugation
translated by present participle
nous avons vu venir la guerre = we saw war coming
la cour
the court
penser
to think
une coutume
a custom
le droit
the law
