tourism topic 3

Question 1

eco tourism

Answer 1

• natural ares, scenic, tourists experience nature
• aims to conserve nature environment while benefitting local communities
  + educate & increase tourist appreciation of nature: tourists experience & interact; increase tourist knowledge & appreciation -> take action to conserve & minimise damage to environment (env sus)
  + measures out in to place to minimise damage: tourism rev channeled into conservation of natural env (hiring local park rangers), ensure laws set up r adhered to; minimise damage to environment
  eg Galapagos Island in Ecuador (rules implemented cuz national park)
• limited number of tourist per day
• USD$100 entrance fee, revenue used to fund conservation projects)
• guide required at each site

Question 2

limitations of eco tourism

Answer 2

1. uncertainty over continuity of efforts in conserving nature
   - doesn’t work if overwhelmingly popular
   - presence of many tourist may destroy the environment that they’re trying to protect
   - strong desire to earn profits -> aims of ecotourism to be compromised & nature not conserved
   eg Galapagos Island ecuador
   erosion along soil when increase in no of tourists, disturbance to wildlife & plants
   oil spills: serious water pollution
2. uncertainty over involving local communities
   - demand for manpower -> hire non locals
   ^ locals not sufficiently equipped w skills & knowledge required& authorities and businesses not put in place to train locals
   - benefits for local communities not maintained
   eg Kufri, India
   - economic leakages, locals no necessary skills, jobs going to non locals

Question 3

cbt

Answer 3

• managers by local comm (homestays & agricultural tourism)
• aims to maximise local involvement, ensure eco & social sus
  + encourage local comm to take part in decision making: have greater knowledge, ensures needs are met -> ensures locals continue to support be involved in tourism industry & env continues to thrive & attract tourist
  + ensure economic & social benefits
  + educated & incr tourist appreciation
• promote interactions, develop respect
  eg traditional homestay, Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary
• tourists appreciate local culture & env more-> motivated locals to preserve heritage & env
  = cultural & env sus

Question 4

limitations of cbt

Answer 4

1. loss of culture
   - no sufficient measures -> commodification, loss of authenticity of culture
   eg Kyrgyzstan
   - commodified to suit tourists preference
   - traditional yurts modified: beds & modern furniture = incr tourists comfort & meet their standards
2. competition w large scale tourism developments
   - local comm lack some necessary skills & finances to further develop
   - face difficulties communicating w tourists
   - lack finances to start new tourism experiences
   - large scale tourism developments: hotels can undertake marketing strategies & attract more tourists
   eg Thanh Ha Pottery Village, Vietnam
   - successful in attracting tourists to learn local culture & pottery practices
   - faces competition w more established pottery villages in central vietnam becuz they don’t hv highly skilled pottery artisans

Question 5

pro poor tourism

Answer 5

• improve livelihoods of poor -> micro finance
• aims to generate net benefits& improve livelihoods & well being of poor
  + training: locals learn new skills, gain employment in tourism industry (bring tourists ard/manage tourist business)
  + incr access to micro finance: enables poor to set up businesses (homestays & restaurants) -> benefit economically, communication materials to apply for micro finance
  eg China’s Three Parallel Rivers Regions, world UNESCO heritage site
• tourists attracted by scenic views, mountains & rivers
• financial assistance provided by govt, villagers set up tourism businesses (homestays & restaurants), some put up cultural performances
• increased income & SOL

Question 6

limitations of ppt

Answer 6

1. inability to significantly reduce poverty
   - difficult to channel benefits compared to direct investment
   - poor reluctant to participate in ppt/ lack skills, finances & knowledge to establish & sustain businesses
   eg Abr, Iran -> significant economic benefits to poorest locals
   - many lack self confidence to undergo training provided by govt
   - training classes require small fee, ppl refrain from buying cuz they don’t see a bright future
   - many lack necessary skills-> low participation among poor
   - non poor locals dominate training & employment industry

Question 7

limitations of ppt 2

Answer 7

2. economic benefits highly unevenly distributed
   - non locals greater access to micro financing or financial grants, seem more reliable
   - non poor become wealthier
   - not sus enough to improve lives of the poor
   - more effective if NGOs & authorities prioritise directly, provide education & healthcare