tourism topic 1

Question 1

Exploration

Answer 1

• small no of tourists
• irregular visits
• minimal contributions to economy
  + scenic views or cultural attractions
  eg Jaco Island, Timor Leste
• few international visitors (inaccessible location)

Question 2

Involvement

Answer 2

• increase in tourist arrivals, advertisements & publicity
• peak & non peak seasons
• contributions began to grow
  + rise in goods, services & facilities
  + goods & services provided by locals
  + amenities & facilities maintained by local authorities
  eg Kuang Si Waterfalls (Laos)
• authorities invested money to improve waterfall
• increase in no. of agencies & transport providers to enhance accessibility

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

• tourists arrivals increase rapidly
• tourism sector employs sig no. of workers to contribute significantly to local economy
  + no of attractions & facilities built incr
  + heavy advertising
  + increase in large & medium businesses
  + destination recognised as tourist destination
  eg Phu Quoc, Vietnam
• received investments to build international airport & seaport
• attracted major businesses
• 2019, rapid increase of tourist arrivals to 5.1m

Question 4

Consolidation

Answer 4

• total annual tourist arrivals > local population
• growth in annual tourist arrivals starts to slow
• tourism industry dominates local economy
• employ sig no of workers & contributes significantly to local economy
  + slow down in attractions & facilities built
  + majority of facilities & hotels owned by multinational companies, supporting large no of tourists
  eg Goa, India
• tourism sector employs sig no of local pop
• 2019, foreign tourists: 7m > locals: 1.5m
• many large multinational companies, Marriott International own hotels

Question 5

Stagnation

Answer 5

• tourist arrivals peaked & begin to decline-> exceeded carrying capacity
• exceed max no of ppl (NEGATIVE EFFECTS)
• contributions to economy start to stagnate
  + destinations no longer attractive
  + facilities & attractions decline- become old & rundown
  + tourists feel that location no longer has anything to offer for experience of interest
  eg Hawaii, USA (1990s - 2000s)
• arrivals & expenditures began to decline
• Waikiki, major tourism spot, became very crowded & facilities and attractions were being old & rundown in need of major renovation

Question 6

Decline

Answer 6

• arrivals decline significantly
• contributions decline significantly
  + local businesses affected, close -> negatively affecting economy & livelihoods
  + less money available to maintain & improve facilities
  + facilities deteriorate further -> fewer tourists
  eg Blackpool, UK (1990s)
• once popular coastal tourist destination, lost attractiveness due to competition with more competitive pricing
• fewer tourists -> many old inns deteriorated or shut down

Question 7

Rejuvenation

Answer 7

• new investments to develop attractions & facilities
• rebranding of destination
  ^ increase tourist arrivals
• contributions to economy increase agn
  + funding provided to redevelop area & make it more attractive; advertise revamped tourist destination
  eg Blackpool, UK (present time)
• local authorities engaged private sector to invest £300m to build Blackpool central, aims to attract 600,000 visitors annually
• re-marketed as a muslim friendly & disabled friendly destination