sg topic 1

Question 1

size of singapore

Answer 1

about 700 per square kilometres

Question 2

land use in recreation & tourism industry

Answer 2

sentosa- SEA Aquarium, USS, Resorts World sentosa
19 million residents& tourists every year

offshore island: St. john’s Island, Sisters Island & Kusu Island

Question 3

elevation of sg

Answer 3

no more than 15m above sea level

highest point: Bukit Timah hill- (164m tall)

Question 4

[coastal ecosystems] intertidal areas

Question 5

[coastal ecosystems] mangroves

Question 6

[coastal ecosystems] coral reefs

Question 7

sg economic characteristics

Answer 7

S$95, 787 per capita in 2022

Question 8

manufacturing industries

Question 9

service industries

Question 10

sg ‘s open & globalised society

Answer 10

population of 5.64 million in 2022
diverse society: diff ethnicities & cultural backgrounds
English is our Lingua Franca

Question 11

sg’s population density

Answer 11

according to World Bank, sg’s population density is 7,595 persons per square kilometre
Indonesia & Malaysia: <200 persons per square kilometre

Question 12

sg’s well connectedness

Answer 12

through information & communication technology & availability of the internet
mobile penetration rate: 158.8% —> number of mobile phone subscriptions is higher than population

Question 13

[political] engaging internally

Answer 13

• independent sovereign state: 9 August 1965
• recognised territorial boundaries, has power to govern itself, make own law, manage its own economy

Question 14

[political] 3 branches of govt

Answer 14

1. Legislative —> makes the law
2. Executive —> administers the law
   3, Judiciary —> interprets the law

Question 15

[political] engaging externally

Answer 15

UN
- joined on 21 Sept 1965
- principles of sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, & non interference of internal affairs of states
- sg supports UN’s initiatives

ASEAN
- formed on 8 August 1967
- strongly supports goal of strong, prosperous rule-based ASEAN

World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- supports open, rule-based multilateral trading system, fostered world’s growth & prosperity since 1 Jan 1995
- 2020, supported 3 statements on trade & COVID-19 at WTO to ensure supple chains stay open

Question 16

[vulnerabilities] limited land

Answer 16

affects sustainable urban development
- land use planners cater for housing, businesses, social & recreational needs
-protect natural environment & conserve built heritage
eg development of dover forest for residential use
- eastern half of forest used for housing
- western half retained as nature park

Question 17

[vulnerabilities] limited natural resources

Answer 17

food insecurity
- sg imports 90% of food
- vulnerable to distribution in food supply chain
eg export ban by Malaysia in 2022, affected sg’s import of fresh chicken & eggs from Malaysia

water insecurity
- 4 sources of water
- demand expected to double over next 40 yrs
- desalination: energy intensive & expensive (uses advanced membrane tech)
- difficult to create new reservoirs- limited land space (fringed by buildings & roads), major rivers dammed to create reservoirs

energy insecurity
- >90% in sg used to generate natural gas
- imports natural gas from pipelines via Malaysia & Indonesia or ship in LNG from US & Australia
- energy demand expected to grow w economic development
- highlighted in SG Green Plan 2030- manage energy demand to reduce sg’s vulnerability to energy insecurity

Question 18

[changing demographics] decreasing birth rates

Answer 18

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) remained below replacement rate of 2.1 at 1.12 in 2021 and 1.05 in 2022
• fewer birth rates —> sg more reliant on foreigners to meet manpower needs

Question 19

[changing demographics] ageing population

Answer 19

• low birth rates & increasing life expectancy (83 yrs old in 2022)
• improved healthcare & access to medical technology—> larger proportion of elderly residents aged 65 yrs old & above

Question 20

[changing demographics] increasingly diverse society

Answer 20

• non residents: foreigners who come to sg to work & study
• large no. of foreign workers —> xenophobic tendencies among sgrens (think they steal job opportunities)
• differences may cause misunderstandings or disagreements p, hindering sustainability development in sg

Question 21

[changing demographics] labour shortage

Question 22

[changing demographics] economic slowdown

Question 23

economic uncertainty

Question 24

social uncertainty

Question 25

environmental uncertainty

Question 26

[resilience] national crises

Question 27

[resilience] economic recessions

Question 28

[resilience] pamdemics

Question 29

[adaptability] land reclamation

Question 30

[adaptability] robust infrastructure & strong systems

Question 31

[thriving] a liveable city