sg topic 1 Flashcards
size of singapore
about 700 per square kilometres
land use in recreation & tourism industry
sentosa- SEA Aquarium, USS, Resorts World sentosa
19 million residents& tourists every year
offshore island: St. john’s Island, Sisters Island & Kusu Island
elevation of sg
no more than 15m above sea level
highest point: Bukit Timah hill- (164m tall)
[coastal ecosystems] intertidal areas
[coastal ecosystems] mangroves
[coastal ecosystems] coral reefs
sg economic characteristics
S$95, 787 per capita in 2022
manufacturing industries
service industries
sg ‘s open & globalised society
population of 5.64 million in 2022
diverse society: diff ethnicities & cultural backgrounds
English is our Lingua Franca
sg’s population density
according to World Bank, sg’s population density is 7,595 persons per square kilometre
Indonesia & Malaysia: <200 persons per square kilometre
sg’s well connectedness
through information & communication technology & availability of the internet
mobile penetration rate: 158.8% —> number of mobile phone subscriptions is higher than population
[political] engaging internally
- independent sovereign state: 9 August 1965
- recognised territorial boundaries, has power to govern itself, make own law, manage its own economy
[political] 3 branches of govt
- Legislative —> makes the law
- Executive —> administers the law
3, Judiciary —> interprets the law
[political] engaging externally
UN
- joined on 21 Sept 1965
- principles of sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, & non interference of internal affairs of states
- sg supports UN’s initiatives
ASEAN
- formed on 8 August 1967
- strongly supports goal of strong, prosperous rule-based ASEAN
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- supports open, rule-based multilateral trading system, fostered world’s growth & prosperity since 1 Jan 1995
- 2020, supported 3 statements on trade & COVID-19 at WTO to ensure supple chains stay open
[vulnerabilities] limited land
affects sustainable urban development
- land use planners cater for housing, businesses, social & recreational needs
-protect natural environment & conserve built heritage
eg development of dover forest for residential use
- eastern half of forest used for housing
- western half retained as nature park
[vulnerabilities] limited natural resources
food insecurity
- sg imports 90% of food
- vulnerable to distribution in food supply chain
eg export ban by Malaysia in 2022, affected sg’s import of fresh chicken & eggs from Malaysia
water insecurity
- 4 sources of water
- demand expected to double over next 40 yrs
- desalination: energy intensive & expensive (uses advanced membrane tech)
- difficult to create new reservoirs- limited land space (fringed by buildings & roads), major rivers dammed to create reservoirs
energy insecurity
- >90% in sg used to generate natural gas
- imports natural gas from pipelines via Malaysia & Indonesia or ship in LNG from US & Australia
- energy demand expected to grow w economic development
- highlighted in SG Green Plan 2030- manage energy demand to reduce sg’s vulnerability to energy insecurity
[changing demographics] decreasing birth rates
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR) remained below replacement rate of 2.1 at 1.12 in 2021 and 1.05 in 2022
- fewer birth rates —> sg more reliant on foreigners to meet manpower needs
[changing demographics] ageing population
- low birth rates & increasing life expectancy (83 yrs old in 2022)
- improved healthcare & access to medical technology—> larger proportion of elderly residents aged 65 yrs old & above
[changing demographics] increasingly diverse society
- non residents: foreigners who come to sg to work & study
- large no. of foreign workers —> xenophobic tendencies among sgrens (think they steal job opportunities)
- differences may cause misunderstandings or disagreements p, hindering sustainability development in sg
[changing demographics] labour shortage
[changing demographics] economic slowdown
economic uncertainty
social uncertainty
