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Geography topics > Tourism > Flashcards

Tourism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mass - tourism?

A

Mass tourism began on the coasts of Spain in the 1960s. It is large scale tourism involving large amounts of tourists and high concentrations of hotels,

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2
Q

Why has tourism grown?

A
  • worlds largest industry ( $500 billion dollars)
    -Easier + quicker travel
    -Online booking
    People more fit and healthy
    More developed transport
    Budget airlines
    Package holidays
    Accessible airports
    Land discovered
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3
Q

Case study: Antarctica

Why are more people visiting Antarctica?

A
  • overcrowded and over familiar destinations eg Weston Super Mare
  • Tired of relaxation holidays
  • Improved infrastructure allows access to exciting environments
  • Young rich and single tourists
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4
Q

Case study: Antarctica

What has been the impact of mass tourism on Antarctica?

A
  • 50,000 tourists (high impact tourism)
  • Fragile ecosystem w/ endangered species
  • seals and penguins badly affected (eggs abandoned due to human contact)
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5
Q

Case study: Antarctica

What happened when the M/V explorer sank in 2007?

A
  • carrying diesel and oil
  • oil slick of 5km squared on ocean
  • clear up involved chemical detergents
  • birds,seals, fish and plant life were all affected?
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6
Q

Case study: Antarctica

How does Antarctica cope with the tourism?

A
  • IAATO regulates tourism
  • banned passenger ships carrying 500+ passengers
  • limits on the sizes of ships allowed to land
  • SSSIs (sites prohibited to people)
  • Bird island declared SSSI
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7
Q

What is ecotourism?

A

Sustainable tourism that is both environmentally and socially sound.
Considers needs of environment and area for future generations

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8
Q

Where is Antarctica?

A

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE // SOUTH POLE

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9
Q

What is an example of an area benefitting from eco tourism?

A

Kigio conservancy, nature reserve

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10
Q

Where is Kigio conservancy?

A

Rift valley, Kenya
120km from Nairobi
contains BIG 5

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11
Q

Case study: Kigio

How is Kigio adapted to be sustainable?

A
  • cottages built from reclaimed materials eg MUD, TIMBER, and THATCH
  • furntiture built from recycled TIMBER
  • NO ELECTRICiTY -> oil lamps!
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12
Q

Case study: Kigio

What eco-friendly / sustainable activities take place in Kigio?

A
  • Working with LOCAL COMMUNITIES to fund and work on community projects
  • Links with local schools to help raise money for equipment
  • Employs local people
  • Works with TUSK TRUST -> conserves elephants
  • relocation of baby giraffe 2003
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13
Q

Case study: Kigio

Use a case study to explain how
ecotourism has contributed to sustainable
development

A
  • owned as wildlife sanctuary which allows profits to local economy with no foreign companies involved
  • Spend profits on improving health clinics and education to improve quality and prospects of life
  • sell traditional crafts to promote culture and preserve the culture
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14
Q

What are the stages of the Butler model?

A 
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Major decline / steady decline / rejuvination
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15
Q

What stage is Weston Super Mare on the butler model?

A

STAGNATION - resort begins to decline, competition eg blackpool

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16
Q

How did Weston super mare become a major tourist attraction?

A

Exploration -> sea air declared cure in 18th century which promoted beach use
Involvement -> hotel (1810), railway (1841), pier (1867)
Development -> Sea front improvement scheme in 1880s still in place now
Consolidation -> second pier / grand pier (1904)

17
Q

What strategies are in place to help rejuvenate the Coastal Resort of Weston Super Mare?

A
  • Grand pier
  • T4 on the beach (youths 5 mill a year)
  • Sand sculpture (charges 4.00)
  • Enduro Beach race (1500 from 40 countries)
18
Q

Why is extreme tourism rising?

A
  • Extreme environments available
  • Provides an Adrenalin rush
  • Old areas are becoming outdated, cramped, rundown
  • High numbers of rich,young, childless tourists who want an excitement holiday
19
Q

What are the benefits of Mass Tourism in Kenya?

A
  • Tourism brings new tourism
  • All year round jobs are created for locals
  • Tourism is Kenya’s biggest earner of foreign exchange
  • Stimulated farming by creating work for local farmers
  • National parks created to conserve environment (eg Masai Mara national park)
20
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

When one good thing leads to another good thing which leads to another good thing etc etc (and the same for bad things)

For example: Mass tourism to Kenya stimulates farming which creates more jobs, boosts the economy, people can earn more etc etc

21
Q

What are the economic disadvantages of mass tourism in Kenya?

A
  • Foreign travel companies and hotel means money does not always go to Kenyan economy
  • Tourist numbers are unreliable and fluctuate
22
Q

What are the environmental disadvantages of mass tourism in Kenya?

A
  • Safaris disturb animals and habitats (30-40 buses crowded around ONE animal)
  • Coral reefs can be harmed (eg in Mombasa)
23
Q

What are the negative social impacts of mass tourism in Kenya?

A
  • Nomadic tribepeople are not allowed to continue living in this way
  • Loss of culture
  • Increase in crime in Nairobi
  • Somali pirates take advantage of tourists on the north kenyan coast
24
Q

How can Kenya reduce the negative impacts of mass tourism while still earning money?

A
  • Reduced pressure on honeypot sites
  • Doubled park entry fees
  • Offering a more diverse range of activities including adventue tourism to distribute tourism denisity
  • Introduced and encouraged eco tourism (Kigio)
25
Q

What is a honeypot site?

A

A location attracting large numbers of tourists which places pressure on the local environment and people

26
Q

Why would people want to visit a tropical area such as Kenya?

A
  • Experience a new culture
  • Cheaper travel arrangements eg package holidays
  • See the Big 5!
  • Visual beauty
  • Warmer weather

Geography topics (6 decks)

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