Tourism Flashcards
What is mass - tourism?
Mass tourism began on the coasts of Spain in the 1960s. It is large scale tourism involving large amounts of tourists and high concentrations of hotels,
Why has tourism grown?
- worlds largest industry ( $500 billion dollars)
-Easier + quicker travel
-Online booking
People more fit and healthy
More developed transport
Budget airlines
Package holidays
Accessible airports
Land discovered
Case study: Antarctica
Why are more people visiting Antarctica?
- overcrowded and over familiar destinations eg Weston Super Mare
- Tired of relaxation holidays
- Improved infrastructure allows access to exciting environments
- Young rich and single tourists
Case study: Antarctica
What has been the impact of mass tourism on Antarctica?
- 50,000 tourists (high impact tourism)
- Fragile ecosystem w/ endangered species
- seals and penguins badly affected (eggs abandoned due to human contact)
Case study: Antarctica
What happened when the M/V explorer sank in 2007?
- carrying diesel and oil
- oil slick of 5km squared on ocean
- clear up involved chemical detergents
- birds,seals, fish and plant life were all affected?
Case study: Antarctica
How does Antarctica cope with the tourism?
- IAATO regulates tourism
- banned passenger ships carrying 500+ passengers
- limits on the sizes of ships allowed to land
- SSSIs (sites prohibited to people)
- Bird island declared SSSI
What is ecotourism?
Sustainable tourism that is both environmentally and socially sound.
Considers needs of environment and area for future generations
Where is Antarctica?
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE // SOUTH POLE
What is an example of an area benefitting from eco tourism?
Kigio conservancy, nature reserve
Where is Kigio conservancy?
Rift valley, Kenya
120km from Nairobi
contains BIG 5
Case study: Kigio
How is Kigio adapted to be sustainable?
- cottages built from reclaimed materials eg MUD, TIMBER, and THATCH
- furntiture built from recycled TIMBER
- NO ELECTRICiTY -> oil lamps!
Case study: Kigio
What eco-friendly / sustainable activities take place in Kigio?
- Working with LOCAL COMMUNITIES to fund and work on community projects
- Links with local schools to help raise money for equipment
- Employs local people
- Works with TUSK TRUST -> conserves elephants
- relocation of baby giraffe 2003
Case study: Kigio
Use a case study to explain how
ecotourism has contributed to sustainable
development
- owned as wildlife sanctuary which allows profits to local economy with no foreign companies involved
- Spend profits on improving health clinics and education to improve quality and prospects of life
- sell traditional crafts to promote culture and preserve the culture
What are the stages of the Butler model?
Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation Stagnation Major decline / steady decline / rejuvination
What stage is Weston Super Mare on the butler model?
STAGNATION - resort begins to decline, competition eg blackpool
How did Weston super mare become a major tourist attraction?
Exploration -> sea air declared cure in 18th century which promoted beach use
Involvement -> hotel (1810), railway (1841), pier (1867)
Development -> Sea front improvement scheme in 1880s still in place now
Consolidation -> second pier / grand pier (1904)
What strategies are in place to help rejuvenate the Coastal Resort of Weston Super Mare?
- Grand pier
- T4 on the beach (youths 5 mill a year)
- Sand sculpture (charges 4.00)
- Enduro Beach race (1500 from 40 countries)
Why is extreme tourism rising?
- Extreme environments available
- Provides an Adrenalin rush
- Old areas are becoming outdated, cramped, rundown
- High numbers of rich,young, childless tourists who want an excitement holiday
What are the benefits of Mass Tourism in Kenya?
- Tourism brings new tourism
- All year round jobs are created for locals
- Tourism is Kenya’s biggest earner of foreign exchange
- Stimulated farming by creating work for local farmers
- National parks created to conserve environment (eg Masai Mara national park)
What is the multiplier effect?
When one good thing leads to another good thing which leads to another good thing etc etc (and the same for bad things)
For example: Mass tourism to Kenya stimulates farming which creates more jobs, boosts the economy, people can earn more etc etc
What are the economic disadvantages of mass tourism in Kenya?
- Foreign travel companies and hotel means money does not always go to Kenyan economy
- Tourist numbers are unreliable and fluctuate
What are the environmental disadvantages of mass tourism in Kenya?
- Safaris disturb animals and habitats (30-40 buses crowded around ONE animal)
- Coral reefs can be harmed (eg in Mombasa)
What are the negative social impacts of mass tourism in Kenya?
- Nomadic tribepeople are not allowed to continue living in this way
- Loss of culture
- Increase in crime in Nairobi
- Somali pirates take advantage of tourists on the north kenyan coast
How can Kenya reduce the negative impacts of mass tourism while still earning money?
- Reduced pressure on honeypot sites
- Doubled park entry fees
- Offering a more diverse range of activities including adventue tourism to distribute tourism denisity
- Introduced and encouraged eco tourism (Kigio)
