Tourism Flashcards
Why has tourism grown - socia and economical factors
We have more disposable income More people have pensions People are generally more wealthier and have more leisure time. Holiday in 1950: 2 weeks per year Now: 4-5 weeks per year
Why has tourism grown- improvements in technology
Commercial flights are more accessible because there are more of them flying-Tickets are cheaper. E.g easyJet. More airports have opened.
Social Media- advertising. Internet- more choices online.
Why has tourism grown- expansion of holiday choice
Package holiday: offers huge variety of activities and places
Eco-holidays
More places are available- more politically stable
Benefits of tourism - economic
- Many people employed to serve tourists e.g waiters, tour guides. In Antigua, 30% of population work in these jobs.
- Tourists spend holiday money in €,$,£. Foreign exchange is essential - can be used to buy goods from abroad
- Extra jobs created indirectly. Hotels buy some produce from local suppliers to feed visitors. Small businesses have been started to serve the tourists e.g taxis, restaurants.
- Governments tax visitors to help pay for extra services e.g water supply, electricity.
Benefits of tourism - social
- Gives tourists opportunities to learn about different cultures
- Can encourage the preservation of traditions we may be at risk of
- More diversity - people, food
Tourism in UK. How much money and jobs. why people come here.
U.K. Earns over £80 billion every year from tourism.
3.1m total jobs in 2013
They come here cuz Olympics 2012, large city, tourist attractions.
London eye - 3.7 million visitors a year.
External factors that can influence number of visitors
Terrorist attacks e.g 2005 London Underground bombing killed 52 people, there was a 12% decline in tourists at the London eye. Currency exchange rates control value for money for tourists. In 2008 euro was high against the pound so holiday in the Eurozone became more expensive.
Also weather
UK tourist attraction- BLACKPOOL
1. Reasons for growth
Improved transport: Railway linked to Blackpool 1846. Factory workers wanted to visit the seaside. 1975 M55 was built to link M6 to Blackpool.
Attractions: North pier built in 1863. Winter Gardens 1878.In 1894 Blackpool tower - 158m high: circus and ballroom. Blackpool illuminations switched on in 1912.
Effectiveness of strategies to cope with impact of large number of tourists.
Drunk people: increase number of police patrols at night. Pubs shorten their opening times. Think/challenge scheme- licensees must challenge anyone who looks under 25 to show ID. Sales to young people fell by 30% in 2007.
Traffic congestion caused by cars entering town: use of electric trams are encouraged rather than cars. 16 new Flexitrams introduced in 2011.
Safe cycle network and hire a bike scheme encourages bicycle use. There was a reduction of cars entering Blackpool.
Plans to ensure the continuing success of tourism industry in Blackpool
To make it an all year round tourist destination they built indoor attractions like Winter Gardens. The Sea Life Centre allows Blackpool to bring in tourists whatever the weather is. Blackpool Zoo attracts families too. Events take place in ballrooms in the Blackpool tower such as strictly come dancing, which invites more new tourists to Blackpool. Famous celebrities like top gear instructors switch in the Blackpool illuminations every year, and this attracts tourists in the autumn season, where other British resorts have finished their holiday season. These celebrities and TV shows allow Blackpool to be advertised so more tourists want to come. Wealthier visitors are attracted to the Opera House in the winter gardens where there is also Europe’s biggest theatre. This brings important income to Blackpool and doesn’t only attract young people who don’t bring as much money.
Extreme environments - why people like adventure tourism
- little investment needed
- get to experience sleeping rough and living without modern conveniences (no need to build expensive hotels and road networks)
- Wildlife only seen in these areas
- element of risk and danger
Adventure tourism examples
Paragliding in South Downs, Sussex
Ice- diving in White Sea, Russia
Climbing waterfalls and cliff diving in Jamaica
Machu Picchu inca trail - impacts of tourism positives
- Brings in money to support community facilities and services
- $20 entrance ticket , Machu Picchu generated $6million a year for Peru.
- Multiplier effect brings new money into the economy.
- Provides cultural exchange between hosts and guests
Inca Trail- Impacts of tourism negatives
L
Machu Picchu- what extent can it Cope tourism
Litter- 1000s of people leave litter along the trail. Now groups must carry bin liners, and camping is restricted to designated sites only.
Erosion- they have now built properly constructed steps that can take the wear of constant trampling. Inca trail is closed during rainy season. (Nov to April)
From 2001 the access to trail increased from 17$ to 50$.
Conservation & Stewardshup.
Conservation is management of the landscape to protect ecosystems and cultural features
Stewardship is the personal responsibility for looking after the environment
Galapagos- benefits of tourism
Locals- tourists usually stay In Small guest houses so local businesses have been started to provide their needs. Tour boats often owned by locals. Income from these are enough to make a difference to household.
National economy- companies have grown yo to provide boat trips around islands
Galapagos conservation trust receives £25 from every visitor.
Became UNESCO world heritage site in 1979.
Butler model
- Exploration
- Involvement
- Development
- Consolidation
- Stagnation
- Rejuvenation / decline
Dubai why people go there
Basically a man made constructed place
City& beach , provides oriingal Arabic culture
Leisure facilities e.g ski slope , camel polo
Food luxury e.g Palm Resort
Wild Wadi Water park
Predicted to have 15 mil visitors by 2015.
Shopping malls
160 story skyscraper Burj Khalifa
Mass tourism advantages
- Brings jobs and more people have reliable wages
- New facilities built which benefits locals too
- Construction jobs got to locals
- New infrastructure built e.g airports and hotels
Mass tourism disadvantages
- Jobs are seasonal
- Local Jobs poorly paired , big companies higher paid
- Tourists don’t try out the cultural food. A lot is imported not grown locally
- Lower / middle income customers are the target. No wealthy
Jamaica - activities
Kingston - blue mountains national park and museums
San Antonio- waterfalls : Dunns river falls 182m high
Ocha Rias- outdoor activities and animals ,dolphin cove
Montego Bay- trendy shops
Negril- 7 mile beach, negril marine park
Jamaica how many visitors
2010- 1.9 mil visitors
22% employed in tourism
Jamaica problems and solutions
- Destruction of coral reefs cause by boats and destruction of mangroves, causing greater erosion - creation of Negirl marine park national park
- Destruction of great morass wetland centre for hotels- promoting ecotourism, encouraging people to stay in small guest house
- Destruction of natural environments around honey pot sites like Dunns river falls- promoting preservation of environment
- Traffic congestion in A1 causing noise and air pollution near Montego airport- no real solution
Galapagos- good for environment things
Visitors have own water bottle for whole trip so they don’t litter.
They come on boats with 11-16 people on it
Locals pick up litter
Guides ensure they know about stewardship
