Tourism Flashcards
Why has tourism grown - socia and economical factors
We have more disposable income More people have pensions People are generally more wealthier and have more leisure time. Holiday in 1950: 2 weeks per year Now: 4-5 weeks per year
Why has tourism grown- improvements in technology
Commercial flights are more accessible because there are more of them flying-Tickets are cheaper. E.g easyJet. More airports have opened.
Social Media- advertising. Internet- more choices online.
Why has tourism grown- expansion of holiday choice
Package holiday: offers huge variety of activities and places
Eco-holidays
More places are available- more politically stable
Benefits of tourism - economic
- Many people employed to serve tourists e.g waiters, tour guides. In Antigua, 30% of population work in these jobs.
- Tourists spend holiday money in €,$,£. Foreign exchange is essential - can be used to buy goods from abroad
- Extra jobs created indirectly. Hotels buy some produce from local suppliers to feed visitors. Small businesses have been started to serve the tourists e.g taxis, restaurants.
- Governments tax visitors to help pay for extra services e.g water supply, electricity.
Benefits of tourism - social
- Gives tourists opportunities to learn about different cultures
- Can encourage the preservation of traditions we may be at risk of
- More diversity - people, food
Tourism in UK. How much money and jobs. why people come here.
U.K. Earns over £80 billion every year from tourism.
3.1m total jobs in 2013
They come here cuz Olympics 2012, large city, tourist attractions.
London eye - 3.7 million visitors a year.
External factors that can influence number of visitors
Terrorist attacks e.g 2005 London Underground bombing killed 52 people, there was a 12% decline in tourists at the London eye. Currency exchange rates control value for money for tourists. In 2008 euro was high against the pound so holiday in the Eurozone became more expensive.
Also weather
UK tourist attraction- BLACKPOOL
1. Reasons for growth
Improved transport: Railway linked to Blackpool 1846. Factory workers wanted to visit the seaside. 1975 M55 was built to link M6 to Blackpool.
Attractions: North pier built in 1863. Winter Gardens 1878.In 1894 Blackpool tower - 158m high: circus and ballroom. Blackpool illuminations switched on in 1912.
Effectiveness of strategies to cope with impact of large number of tourists.
Drunk people: increase number of police patrols at night. Pubs shorten their opening times. Think/challenge scheme- licensees must challenge anyone who looks under 25 to show ID. Sales to young people fell by 30% in 2007.
Traffic congestion caused by cars entering town: use of electric trams are encouraged rather than cars. 16 new Flexitrams introduced in 2011.
Safe cycle network and hire a bike scheme encourages bicycle use. There was a reduction of cars entering Blackpool.
Plans to ensure the continuing success of tourism industry in Blackpool
To make it an all year round tourist destination they built indoor attractions like Winter Gardens. The Sea Life Centre allows Blackpool to bring in tourists whatever the weather is. Blackpool Zoo attracts families too. Events take place in ballrooms in the Blackpool tower such as strictly come dancing, which invites more new tourists to Blackpool. Famous celebrities like top gear instructors switch in the Blackpool illuminations every year, and this attracts tourists in the autumn season, where other British resorts have finished their holiday season. These celebrities and TV shows allow Blackpool to be advertised so more tourists want to come. Wealthier visitors are attracted to the Opera House in the winter gardens where there is also Europe’s biggest theatre. This brings important income to Blackpool and doesn’t only attract young people who don’t bring as much money.
Extreme environments - why people like adventure tourism
- little investment needed
- get to experience sleeping rough and living without modern conveniences (no need to build expensive hotels and road networks)
- Wildlife only seen in these areas
- element of risk and danger
Adventure tourism examples
Paragliding in South Downs, Sussex
Ice- diving in White Sea, Russia
Climbing waterfalls and cliff diving in Jamaica
Machu Picchu inca trail - impacts of tourism positives
- Brings in money to support community facilities and services
- $20 entrance ticket , Machu Picchu generated $6million a year for Peru.
- Multiplier effect brings new money into the economy.
- Provides cultural exchange between hosts and guests
Inca Trail- Impacts of tourism negatives
L
Machu Picchu- what extent can it Cope tourism
Litter- 1000s of people leave litter along the trail. Now groups must carry bin liners, and camping is restricted to designated sites only.
Erosion- they have now built properly constructed steps that can take the wear of constant trampling. Inca trail is closed during rainy season. (Nov to April)
From 2001 the access to trail increased from 17$ to 50$.
