Coasts

Question 1

Hard engineering

Answer 1

Major construction works
Big impact on environment
Usually expensive

Question 2

Sea walls

Answer 2

Hard engineering
£6 million per km
Effective at stopping sea
But very expensive and high mainenance costs

Question 3

Groynes

Answer 3

Hard
£10,000 at 200m intervals
Results in a bigger beach and not too expensive, but starves beaches dos drift often leading to increased erosion rates elsewhere.

Question 4

Rock armour

Answer 4

Hard
£1000-4000 per m
Relatively cheap and easy To maintain, but obtrusive and expensive to transport.

Question 5

Soft engineering

Answer 5

Works with natural processes present on coastline
Tries to be unobtrusive visually
Less construction work, less expensive, less impact in environment

Question 6

Beach replenishment

Answer 6

Soft
Approx £3000 per m
Relatively cheap, but needs constant maintenance

Question 7

Dune regeneration

Answer 7

Soft
£2000 per 100m
Cheap and maintains natural environment but time consuming to plant marram grass and can be damaged by storms

Question 8

Managed retreat

Answer 8

Soft
Allows low lying coastal areas to be flooded by sea.
Cheap option and creates a much needed habits for wildlife, but land will be lost and farmers need to be compensated

Question 9

Swanage case study

Answer 9

1.8 km of mainly sea walls/groynes
1980’s Rock ar or out in place at base of cliffs
2005 beach replenishment - 90,000m3 of sand deposited on beach.
18 timber groynes put in place in 2005

Question 10

Barton on sea cliff collapse case study impacts

Answer 10

Impacts on people- homes have been lost in sea, access to sea road has been cut off by a landslide at Hoskins gap, caravan parks have been moved back at bartons court
Impact on environment - 2m/year coastline lost, Naish farm is under threat, the nest of birds like Puffins and Kitewakes have been lost due to cliff collapse.

Question 11

Barton on sea- why is it susceptible to cliff collapse

Answer 11

Coastal Protection in Bournemouth have starved Barton on sea beach of material
Very soft rock, top layer is sandy PERMEABLE gravel, bottom layer is clay. Gravel absorbs rain, clay becomes waterlogged, becomes too weak to support gravel and slides.
Terminal groyne syndrome
Faces direct force of prevailing south westerly winds. Long fetch waves have powerful energy eroding a lot of coast

Question 12

Barton on sea coastal defences

Answer 12

300m of groynes along Barton coast
1960s - cliff drainage system installed, e.g. Black plastic drainage pipes
1964 - 1.8km flexible timber piled revetments on east Barton frontage
Later replaced with rock revetments in 1991 , 90000 tonnes of Carboniferous limestone used

Question 13

Studland

Answer 13

Acidic sand results in the unique wildlife in sand dunes, often unstable and vulnerable environments: marram grass
Features all six British reptiles including adder and sand lizard
Site of special scientific interest

Question 14

Conservation at Studland

Answer 14

The national trust has the responsibility of managing conservation Studland. Has a fund of £65 million to prefect coastlines.
Car parks to stop cars driving onto beach, board walks to ensure vegetation is not removed, fencing of vulnerable areas, beach rangers to pick up litter, fire beaters positioned within dune areas in case of fire