TOUR OF A Cell

Question 1

What are Prokaryotes

Answer 1

1-Bacteria and Archea
2-Single Celled
3-No Nucleus
4-Circular Chromosomes

Question 2

What are Eukaryotes

Answer 2

1-Animals, Plants, Humans
2- Have Nucleus
3- Sungle or Multi Cellular
4-Many Organells
5-Linear Chromosomes

Question 3

Endomembrane System

Answer 3

1-Invovled in production and shipping of substances made within the cell
2-produce, process, and transport proteins and lipids destined for organelles, the cell membrane, or outside the cell.

Question 4

Rough ER

Answer 4

1- Has Ribosomes
2- Proteins Synthesis

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

1- No Ribosomes
2-Produce Lipids
3- Has enzymes that breakdown Toxins

Question 6

Golgi

Answer 6

1- Products from rough and Smooth ER go to the Gold
2- Products get the “Bar code” to the location they need to be shipped to

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Covert food into energy
ATP synthesis

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

1- Only in Plants (Photosynthesis)
2- Uses sunglight for energy and to make Sugar (Photosynthesis)

Question 9

Vacuoles

Answer 9

1- In plants
2-Storage

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

1- Animal Cells
2-Digestive Enzymes
3-Digest Worn out organelles

Question 11

Peroximes

Answer 11

1- Breakdown lipids that generate Hydrogen peroxide which is toxic to cells
2- Contain Catalase which helps convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

1- Cell structure
2- Act as roads- Transport Materials
3-Structural support
4- Movement

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

Stiff structure outside cell membrane made of carbohydrates and other molecules

Question 14

Flagellum

Answer 14

A long flexibile structute that extends from cell that helps in helping the cell move

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

1- Eukaryotes
2-Enclosed by double membrane
3- Contain cell chromosome

Question 16

Organell

Answer 16

Any membrane bound compartment inside a cell

Question 17

Filament

Answer 17

A long chain compormised of protein sub units

Question 18

Chromosome

Answer 18

Carry heritage Information

Question 19

Nucleus Envelope

Answer 19

1-Covers the nucleus
2- Regulate what comes in and out of a cell

Question 20

Cilia

Answer 20

Small flagella found in Eukaryotic Cells

Question 21

What do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes cell share

Answer 21

1-Cell membrane
2-Chromosomes
3-Ribosomes
4-Cytoskeletal elements
4-Cell wall
5-Flagella
6-Organells

Question 22

Vacuole

Answer 22

Stores Molecules

Question 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 23

1-Froms a network of tubules/ Branching network and sacs inside the cell
2- Where proteins, membrane lipids and other molecules are synthesized and or processed

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Large diameter, ha;llow cytoskeletal elements made of pairs of the proteins A-TUBULIN AND B-TUBULIN

Question 25

Actin Filaments

Answer 25

Small diamter cytoskeletal fibers made of subunits of the protein Actin

Question 26

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 26

Cytoskeletal fibers whose size in intermediate between those of actin filaments and microtubeles and can be made from a variety of protein subunits.

Question 27

Cytoplasm

Answer 27

Region around the organelle

Question 28

cytosol

Answer 28

The fuild like substance that make a cytoplasm

Question 29

What are the key players in the Endomembrane System

Answer 29

1-Rough ER, Golgi, Microtubules, MotorProtiens

Question 30

Signal sequence

Answer 30

A series of amino acids at the start of a protein that allows that protein to enter the endomembrane system.

Question 31

Motor protein

Answer 31

A protein that functions in cell movement through shape changes caused by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation.

Question 32

Phosphorylation

Answer 32

The addition of a phosphate group (PO43-) to a protein or other molecule. In most cases, the phosphate group comes from ATP. Dephosphorylation is the reverse process.

Question 33

Evidence that support the theory of sndosymbosis

Answer 33

1-Two membranes 2-Singular circular chromosome 3-Ribosomes similar to the size of prokaryotic ribosomes 4-Can make own protein 5-Able to replicate independent of the cells