TORCH, Spirochetes, Mono Flashcards
What does TORCH stand for?
T = toxoplasmosis
O = others perinatal infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV)
R = Rubella
C = CMV
H = Herpes
What is TORCH used for?
Prenatal screening test
Toxoplasmosis - infectious agent. Modes of transmission
Toxoplasma gondii
-cannot be cultured
From cats or uncooked meats
Toxoplasmosis gold standard. Another test includes…
Sabin-Feldman Dye test
EIA
Toxoplasmosis - clinical findings
Mono-like symptoms
Hydrocephalus birth defects
Difference between EBV and CMV
EBV produces heterophile antibodies
CMV does not
CMV is a member of…
Herpes virus
-almost everyone has it
CMV - clinical findings
Neurological symptoms = mental-retardation, stillbirth
Mono-like symptoms
Cold sores, blisters
-mostly asymptomatic
Rubella - at what titer is a person considered immune? A recent infection has these findings…
1:8
4 fold increase in titer with symptoms
Rubella - clinical findings
Defects - CHF
Hepatitis
Diabetes
Rubella tests
EIA
Latex agglutination
Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) - rubella can agglutinate chick RBCs. Mix patient serum with RBCs. Antibodies present = no agglutination
Passive hemagglutination (PHA) - human RBCs coated with Rubella antigen and serum diluted. Positive result is RBC agglutination (antigen-antibody complex)
What type of virus is the herpes virus? Which herpes virus is genital herpes?
DNA virus
HSV-II
Herpes tests
EIA
Viral culture - reference lab
Herpes - clinical findings
Fatal to infant if transmitted
Can spirochetes be gram-stained?
No
Syphilis bacterium
Treponema pallidum
- fragile, need open lesion to pass
- mother can transmit to newborn
- quickly disseminate throughout body in 30 mins
Syphilis - clinical findings
Primary (chancre)
Secondary (lymphadenopathy, skin rash, sore throat)
Latent (asymptomatic)
Tertiary (granulomatous inflammation, cardiovascular disease, neurosyphilis)