Topography of the Brain Flashcards
what is a tract
a pathway of neurons that passes through the CNS with a specific function
what neck artery supplies the brain
ICA
arteries that supply the brain
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
where do vertebral arteries enter the skull
foramen magnum
branching from aorta to vertebral arteries
aorta –> subclavian –> vertebral
entry of ICA into skull
through foramen lacerum
main blood supply of posterior of brain
vertebral arteries
main blood supply of anterior of brain
internal carotids
purpose of circle of willis
protective featuure against occlusion of large arteries
the two vertebral arteries unite to form the ________ artery
basilar artery
cerebral artery of medial aspect of brain/cortex
anterior cerebral artery
cerebral artery of lateral aspect of brain/cortex
middle cerebral artery
landmark of basilar artery diving into posterior cerebral arteries
level of the midbrain
blood supply of brainstem and cerebellum
vertebral and basilar artery
blood supply of ACA
a slice down the middle of brain
blood supply of occipital lobe
posterior cerebral artery
blood supply of temporal lobe
MCA and PCA
where are the venous sinuses in relation to the meninges
between two layers of dura mater
drainage of brain into neck veins
into IJV
3 primary vesicles of neural tube
forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
what week does the neural tube divide into the 3 primary vesicles
week 4
which crainial nerves emerge from the brainstem
III - XII
which 2 cranial nerves emerge from the cerebrum
I and II, olfactory and optic
what ventricle is in the brainstem
4th ventricle
which part of the brainstem has pyramids
medulla
medulla cranial nerves
IX - XII
exit of medulla from skull
foramen magnum
what connects the medulla to the cerebellum
the inferior cerebellar peduncles
pons cranial nerves
V - VIII
what connects the pons to the cerebellum
the middle cerebellar peduncle
midbrain cranial nerves
III and IV
what connects the midbrain to the cerebellum
superior cerebellar peduncle
what connect the midbrain to the cerebrum
cerebral peduncle
what is the only nerve to originate posteriorly
IV
little pumps on posterior of midbrain
colliculi
ventricle structure that runs through the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
what separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum
vermis
3 lobes of cerebellar hemispheres
anterior, posterior and flocculonodular
what stroke/neurological sign is caused by the cerebellum
ataxia
signs of ataxia
co-ordination –> finger-nose test, knee-heel test, walking in a straight line
which part of the brain maintains posture
cerebellum
3 routes of info into cerebellum
- pyramidal tracts
- ipisilateral proprioception
- vestibular nucelii (balance and posture)
what is the diencephalon
deep part of cerebrum that lies around the 3rd ventricle.
It contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
what group of structures is the thalamus part of
limbic system
purpose of the thalamus
a sensory relay centre from periphery to cortex
where is circadian rhythm regulated
hypothalamus
