Motor I Flashcards

1
Q

lateral or ventromedial pathways in the spinal cord control voluntary movements

A

lateral pathways (like corticospinal)

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2
Q

what do ventromedial pathways in the spinal cord control

A

posture and locomotion

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3
Q

what is the longest tract

A

corticospinal

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4
Q

if 2/3rds of the corticospinal tract orignates from the frontal motor cortex, where does the other 1/3 come from

A

the somatosensory cortex

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5
Q

what is the other spinal tract that controls voluntary movements

A

rubrospinal tract

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6
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract originate from

A

red nucleus of midbrain (red = rubro)

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7
Q

what differs about a CST lesion as opposed to a CST and RST lesion

A

a CST lesion alone will see function return in a few months, because RST will pick up the slack

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8
Q

does the rubrospinal tract go up to the cerebrum?

A

no, it only goes as far as the midbrain (red nucleus)

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9
Q

where is the red nucleus in relation to the substantia niagra

A

posterior to it

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10
Q

how can one signal through the corticospinal tract create a flexor and extensor motor response

A

some branches synapse directly with and excite the flexor (antagonist) motor neurons while other branches off that same first CST neuron synapse onto inhibitory interneurons which inhibit the extensor motor neurons

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11
Q

two ventromedial tracts of posture and locomotion

A

vestibulospional and tectospinal

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12
Q

purpose of tectospinal tract

A

keeping eyes stable as body moves

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13
Q

purpose of vestibulospinal tract

A

keeps head and neck stable on body

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14
Q

which of the the 4 ventromedial tracts originates from the vestibular nucleus of the medulla

A

vestibulospinal tract

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15
Q

where does the tectospinal tract originate

A

superior colliculi of midbrain

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16
Q

two ventromedial tracts controlling trunk and antigravity muscles

A

pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts

17
Q

which of the ventromedial spinal tracts originates from the pons

A

pontine reticulospinal tract

18
Q

what are the four ventromedial spinal tracts and where do they all originate

A

vestibulospinal - vestibule of medulla
tectospinal - superior colliculi of midbrain
pontine reticulospoinal - pontine reticular formation
medullary reticulospinal - medullary reticular formation

19
Q

which two tracts originate from the medulla

A

vestibulospinal and medullary reticulospinal

20
Q

purpose of pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts

A

maintain body posture through trunk and antigravity muscles in limbs using sensory info like balance, proprioception and vision

21
Q

a more medial LMN will control a proximal or distal muscle

A

proximal

22
Q

a more lateral LMN will control a proximal or distal muscle

A

distal

23
Q

a LMN where in the spinal cord ventral horn will control axial muscles

A

medial

24
Q

what tracts control posture and balance

A

ventromedial (proximal and axial muscles)

25
Q

what area is the precentral gyrus

A

area 4

26
Q

what is the PMA

A

premotor area

27
Q

what is the SMA

A

supplementary motor area

28
Q

which area are the PMA and SMA in

A

area 6

29
Q

which of the PMA and SMA innervates distal motor units

A

SMA

30
Q

true/false the somatotopic motor map is precise

A

false

31
Q

where in the brain is the image of the body in space through proprioception and visual inputs formed

A

in the posterioir parietal cortex

32
Q

what is area 6 for

A

working out how to carry an action out