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Neuro - Physiology > The Spinal Cord and Periphery > Flashcards

The Spinal Cord and Periphery Flashcards

1
Q

afferent/sensory fibres travel through the _____ horn of the spinal cord

A

dorsal

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2
Q

efferent/motor fibres travel through the _____ horn of the spinal cord

A

ventral

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3
Q

which horn is anterior

A

ventral

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4
Q

3 columns of white matter

A

posterior, lateral and anterior

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5
Q

ascending pathways are (sensory/motor)

A

sensory

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6
Q

3 most important spinal tracts

A
  1. corticospinal/pyramidal
  2. posterior/dorsal
  3. lateral spinothalamic
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7
Q

corticospinal carries…

A

motor impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles (hence cortico –> spinal)

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8
Q

posterior column carries…

A

sensory - touch, localisation, vibration, proprioception

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9
Q

lateral spinothalamic carries…

A

pain and temperature

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10
Q

where does the corticospinal tract cross over to the contralateral side (mostly)

A

decussation of medulla pyramids

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11
Q

course of corticospinal

A
  1. from primary motor cortex down through the corticospinal tract till the medulla where it crosses sides at the decussation of pyramids.
    Travels down spinal cord till synapses with 2nd neuron in ventral horn
  2. leaves through ventral root at same spinal level as synapse
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12
Q

what is a cranial nerve nucleus

A

an area of grey matter in the brainstem associated with one or more cranial nerves (i.e. where some cranial nerves make synapses)

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13
Q

how many neurons in the two ascending pathways

A

3.

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14
Q

ascending 1st order neuron

A

comes in from periphery and enters spinal cord through dorsal horn
crosses at point of entry to spinal cord or at nucleus in medulla

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15
Q

location of ascending 1st order neuron cell body

A

dorsal root ganglion

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16
Q

lateral spinothalamic 1st order neuron enter through the dorsal root and synapses with the 2nd order in the …

A

dorsal horn of spinal cord at level of entry

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17
Q

posterior column 1st order neuron

A

enters through dorsal root and travels up the column. Synapses with the 2nd neuron in a nucleus of the lower part of the medulla (before decussation)

18
Q

lateral spinothalamic 2nd order neuron

A

synapses with 1st neuron in dorsal horn at level of entry.
Then crosses the spinal cord to the lateral spinothalamic tract.
It then travels up the spinal cord in this tract to the thalamus where it synapses with 3rd neuron

19
Q

posterior column 2nd order neuron

A

synapses with 1st neuron in medulla nucleus.
Crosses medulla into a new tract called medial lemniscus.
Travels up to thalamus to synapse with 3rd neuron

20
Q

lateral spinothalamic and posterior 3rd neuron

A

synapses with 2nd in thalamus.

Travel through internal capsule to post-central gyrus in parietal lobe

21
Q

tract that posterior column 2nd order neuron crosses into

A

medial lemniscus

22
Q

lobe of pre-central gyrus

A

frontal

23
Q

a medullary lesion below the level of decussation on the left side will effect which tracts and functions

A

lateral spinothalamic - pain and temp from the right side
posterior - other sensory from the left side
corticospinal - motor to the left side

24
Q

a lesion below the level of lateral spinothalamic decussation on the left side effects which tracts and functions

A

all three tracts on the left side - all sensory and motor to that side

25
Q

what are the two types of reflex

A

stretch and flexor

26
Q

process of a stretch reflex response

A

tendon stretched –> sensory muscle fibres (intrafusal) stimulated –> sensory neuron activated –> synapses with motor on same level back to original muscle –> muscle contracts
–> second axon travels through cord to synapse with interneuron onto a motor neuron for anagonist muscle –> muscle relaxes

27
Q

process of a flexor reflex response with it’s crossed extensor reflex

A

pain stimulus –> pain neuron activated –> synapses with an interneuron in spinal cord –> one synapses to motor response on pain side to flex and withdraw, other to the contralateral limb motor for support

28
Q

purpose of flexor response

A

to protect from pain

29
Q

purpose of stretch reflex

A

control muscle tone and posture

30
Q

which part of the stretch reflex is monsynaptic

A

reflex arc from the muscle’s sensory to motor neuron. only 2 neurons, hence monosynapse

31
Q

what part of the stretch reflex in polysynaptic

A

the reflex arc to the antagonist muscle. there is an interneuron between the sensory input and motor response

32
Q

what makes a flexor reflex polysynaptic

A

sensory input from pain synapses with an interneuron in spinal cord with synapses onto motor for the pain limb and contralateral limb

33
Q

where does the lower motor neuron go

A

from the ventral horn of the spinal cord and out through the ventral root

34
Q

where does the upper motor neuron go

A

from primary motor cortex down through thalamus and brainstem. Crosses over at decussation. and travels down spinal cord till 2nd neuron at level of exit

35
Q

effect of UMN lesion on reflexes

A

exaggerated

36
Q

which motor neuron mediates refelxes

A

LMN

37
Q

which motor neuron lesion increases tone

A

UMN

38
Q

summarise the effects of LMN and UMN lesions on reflexes, tone and paralysis

A

LMN lesion

  • reduced/absent reflexes
  • loss of tone
  • paralysis on side of lesion

UMN lesion

  • exaggerated reflexes
  • increased tone
  • paralysis on same side when below level of decussation
39
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract in the middle of the spinal cord on the left side is carrying what sensory information

A

pain and temperature from right side of body

40
Q

posterior column in middle of spinal cord on the left side is carrying what information

A

sensory other than pain and temp from the left side of the body

41
Q

what brain area is the primary motor cortex (aka precentral gyrus)

A

area 4

42
Q

what brain area is the primary sensory cortex in (post-central gyrus)

A

area 3, 1, 2

Neuro - Physiology (16 decks)

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